{"id":617,"date":"2022-01-26T01:52:04","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T01:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/?p=617"},"modified":"2025-02-14T11:11:59","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T03:11:59","slug":"develop-dfd-with-stepwise-refinement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/develop-dfd-with-stepwise-refinement\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n DFD v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"1cbb\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a>(DFD) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. DFD nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"b108\">M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin), v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\" id=\"0e20\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"6a76\">N\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u?<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"2dec\">N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--li\" id=\"f2d7\">N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--p\" id=\"aad7\">Tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h4>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h4\" id=\"5056\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"df59\">Tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"2165\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t<a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/a>m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, 1, 2, v\u00e0 v.v. trong DFD), \u0111\u00f4i khi \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed5 sung, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"c0eb\">Nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (th\u1ef1c ra, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta) \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cchi ti\u1ebft\u201d kh\u00e1c nhau &#8211; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang \u201cth\u1ea5p h\u01a1n\u201d nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"2d53\">H\u00e3y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--p\" id=\"3e6e\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Tinh ch\u1ec9nh T\u1eebng B\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h4>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--h4\" id=\"8d2f\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-image-id=\"0*qxK-mPAO_MWdNpr0.gif\" data-is-featured=\"true\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/01\/0qxK-mPAO_MWdNpr0.gif\"\/><\/figure>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--figure\" id=\"645d\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--h4-strong\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">D\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"4d28\">\n<p>{H\u00fat b\u1ee5i ph\u00f2ng \u0103n, D\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch}<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"8321\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--h4-strong\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">N\u1ea5u \u0103n<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"7a12\">\n<p>{Ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c , Mua nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u , N\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00e0 . L\u00e0m rau}<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"c7f4\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">B\u00e0y b\u00e0n<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"2932\">\n<p><em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">T\u00ecm kh\u0103n tr\u1ea3i b\u00e0n , L\u1ea5y \u0111\u0129a ra , \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y tinh ra , \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea1c ra , Kh\u0103n \u0103n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"558c\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">N\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00e0<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"ade9\">\n<p>{<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn<\/em>400\u00a0,\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">\u0110\u1eb7t g\u00e0 v\u00e0o ch\u1ea3o , \u0110\u1ec3 g\u00e0 trong<\/em>400\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng trong<\/em>90\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">ph\u00fat<\/em>}<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"6e69\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">L\u00e0m rau<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"1335\">\n<p><em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">Th\u00e1i rau , N\u1ea5u rau<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"0e0c\">(*Ngu\u1ed3n: <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/A-level_Computing\/AQA\/Problem_Solving,_Programming,_Data_Representation_and_Practical_Exercise\/Problem_Solving\/Top-down_design_and_Step-wise_refinement\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/A-level_Computing\/AQA\/Problem_Solving,_Programming,_Data_Representation_and_Practical_Exercise\/Problem_Solving\/Top-down_design_and_Step-wise_refinement\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc\u200a\u2014\u200aS\u00e1ch Wiki<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"bc4f\">Khi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\" id=\"854f\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng trong DFD<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"167e\">Trong DFD,<a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng<\/a>(c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c DFD c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft mong mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh, Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p DFD \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--p\" id=\"6dc4\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"549\" data-image-id=\"0*TZMKm3bnkiFJpb4s.png\" data-width=\"882\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/01\/0TZMKm3bnkiFJpb4s.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"0b42\">DFD \u1edf c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u00edt chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"2991\">DFD c\u1ea5p cao s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c DFD chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"fa92\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p (Xem Quy t\u1eafc T\u1ea1o DFD). C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Quy tr\u00ecnh 1, Quy tr\u00ecnh 2).<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"b9b5\">Trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 DFD 1 &#8211; S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, quy tr\u00ecnh 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a DFD, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 1.1, 1.2 v\u00e0 1.3.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"cadf\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 hai (DFD 2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3 v\u00e0 1.1.4.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"fce7\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--li\" id=\"a916\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 DFD &#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"ad47\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\" id=\"a743\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng)<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"2a86\">DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"210c\">V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp theo t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--li\" id=\"0d08\">DFD ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"e943\">H\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd cho H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh (h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201c<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CS<\/em>\u201c. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd CS<\/em> v\u00e0 <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">H\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch<\/em>l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u1ede gi\u1eefa quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i) cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--p\" id=\"06d3\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"121\" data-image-id=\"0*zfUxDeKMy-91D4jJ.png\" data-width=\"567\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/01\/0zfUxDeKMy-91D4jJ.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--figure\" id=\"844b\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/dd87bf2b-0fad-4f7e-8a58-d085c722a254.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Context%20DFD\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/dd87bf2b-0fad-4f7e-8a58-d085c722a254.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Context%20DFD\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00ed d\u1ee5 DFD Yourdon v\u00e0 Coad n\u00e0y<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"3215\">DFD ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\" id=\"1293\">DFD c\u1ea5p 1<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"1b45\">H\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y DFD c\u1ea5p 1, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia) c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong DFD ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. \u0110\u1ecdc qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--p\" id=\"b267\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"542\" data-image-id=\"0*09gCEUHhCzVfNZeE.png\" data-width=\"695\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/01\/009gCEUHhCzVfNZeE.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--figure\" id=\"f97e\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/d592ccb3-23ca-4bee-8ccb-c6f66e90f921.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Level%201%20DFD\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/d592ccb3-23ca-4bee-8ccb-c6f66e90f921.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Level%201%20DFD\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Yourdon v\u00e0 Coad n\u00e0y<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"1903\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CS ch\u1ee9a b\u1ed1n quy tr\u00ecnh, hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng trong S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u1edf hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"1ad6\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">H\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Chi ti\u1ebft v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/em> t\u1eeb <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Quy tr\u00ecnh H\u1ecfi Chi ti\u1ebft V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/em> quy tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Chi ti\u1ebft V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/em> v\u00e0 <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/em>. Trong khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Chi ti\u1ebft V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/em> l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nh\u00e3n \u201cD\u201d), d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/em> l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nh\u00e3n \u201cT\u201d). M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng g\u1ecdi ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"ef88\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd CS<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Mua Qu\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m<\/em> quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Chi ti\u1ebft \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em> kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mua qu\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd CS<\/em> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy c\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd CS<\/em> \u0111\u1ebfn <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Mua Qu\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m<\/em> quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"2dbd\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd CS<\/em> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Mua V\u00e9<\/em> quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em> kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sau khi tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"0ddd\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd CS<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">B\u00e1o M\u1ea5t<\/em> quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m<\/em> v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">V\u1eadt M\u1ea5t<\/em> c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--p\" id=\"2092\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 DFD qua c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/h4>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--h4\" id=\"5725\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"469\" data-image-id=\"0*x63SSpV2vU1_VAP0.png\" data-width=\"653\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/01\/0x63SSpV2vU1_VAP0.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"6dea\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/8c2c19d0-cd9d-4e04-8192-ff0a8c6bea8c.xml&amp;name=Securities%20Trading%20Platform\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/8c2c19d0-cd9d-4e04-8192-ff0a8c6bea8c.xml&amp;name=Securities%20Trading%20Platform\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Giao d\u1ecbch Ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"33d3\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"422\" data-image-id=\"0*JI71dZxCO-DRk5Ru.png\" data-width=\"605\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/01\/0JI71dZxCO-DRk5Ru.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"52ca\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/2e409d26-3345-4516-acde-c36b59fa3e0b.xml&amp;name=Food%20Ordering%20System\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/2e409d26-3345-4516-acde-c36b59fa3e0b.xml&amp;name=Food%20Ordering%20System\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1eb7t m\u00f3n \u0103n<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"e6ea\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"529\" data-image-id=\"0*vCXwOxzj5Vl9hjDi.png\" data-width=\"757\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/01\/0vCXwOxzj5Vl9hjDi.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"618e\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/6963afef-4946-42f3-9117-f089fa70cfc1.xml&amp;name=Customer%20Service%20System%20%28Railway%20Company%29\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/6963afef-4946-42f3-9117-f089fa70cfc1.xml&amp;name=Customer%20Service%20System%20%28Railway%20Company%29\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (C\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"abe3\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"560\" data-image-id=\"0*-FMnw-9ZR_ILv1wR.png\" data-width=\"716\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/01\/0-FMnw-9ZR_ILv1wR.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"27c9\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/0640ff0f-f7f8-4327-a735-94b451a6fd88.xml&amp;name=Supermarket%20App\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/0640ff0f-f7f8-4327-a735-94b451a6fd88.xml&amp;name=Supermarket%20App\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Si\u00eau th\u1ecb<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"b1f8\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"369\" data-image-id=\"0*nwUfOC7mhvxrRZDn.png\" data-width=\"637\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/01\/0nwUfOC7mhvxrRZDn.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure graf--trailing\" id=\"2044\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/3f0b7361-8afd-463e-b1e2-e5a54d5207b3.xml&amp;name=Vehicle%20Maintenance%20Depot\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/3f0b7361-8afd-463e-b1e2-e5a54d5207b3.xml&amp;name=Vehicle%20Maintenance%20Depot\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kho B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the effective way to solve a complex problem is to break it down into simpler sub-problems. You start by breaking down the whole task into simpler parts. Step-by-step refinement is essentially a decomposition of the system to gain insight into the subsystems that make up the system, known as the top-down decomposition method.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":956,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13,5],"tags":[52,63,62,53],"class_list":["post-617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-online-diagrams","category-software-engineering","tag-cn-done","tag-es-done","tag-ja-done","tag-tw-done"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n DFD v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc - Cybermedian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/develop-dfd-with-stepwise-refinement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n DFD v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc - Cybermedian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"One of the effective way to solve a complex problem is to break it down into simpler sub-problems. 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