{"id":551,"date":"2022-01-26T01:34:13","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T01:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/?p=551"},"modified":"2025-02-17T11:18:09","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T03:18:09","slug":"test-drive-development-approach-for-agile-software-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/test-drive-development-approach-for-agile-software-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Agile"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Agile.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Agile l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h4>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Agile<\/a> l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau. So v\u1edbi \u201ckh\u00f4ng Agile<\/a>,\u201d h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia kinh doanh, giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft), v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi, nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/a> cho vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00f3m th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Agile TDD, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 TDD: BDD, DDD v\u00e0 ATDD. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u TDD m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

TDD: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/a> (TDD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 TDD r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 MVC v\u00e0 MVP<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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BDD: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh vi (Behavior Driven Development)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh vi (BDD) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Agile. N\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (TDD).<\/p>\n

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ATDD: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a m\u00e3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh TDD c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n (bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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DDD: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

DDD \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n. DDD th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1edbp d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kinh doanh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef n\u00f3 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e2n chia, nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n TDD<\/h3>\n
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Th\u00f4ng qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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  1. Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng;<\/li>\n
  2. \u0110\u1eebng mu\u1ed1n \u0103n m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng l\u1edbn. Khi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1edbn, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean chia ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed;<\/li>\n
  3. Nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng;<\/li>\n
  4. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed;<\/li>\n
  5. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i\/th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 xem c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i\/th\u00eam c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay kh\u00f4ng;<\/li>\n
  6. M\u00e3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng\/ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, m\u00e3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, v.v., h\u00e3y t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi sau khi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n TDD<\/strong><\/p>\n

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    1. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau;<\/li>\n
    2. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed;<\/li>\n
    3. Ch\u1ea1y ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i;<\/li>\n
    4. Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed;<\/li>\n
    5. Ch\u1ea1y ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng;<\/li>\n
    6. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3, bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb;<\/li>\n
    7. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a TDD<\/strong><\/p>\n

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      1. Gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong>. Th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
      2. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c bao ph\u1ee7 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho m\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a TDD s\u1ebd \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
      3. L\u00e0m r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111ang vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/li>\n
      4. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh<\/strong>. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi TDD, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00ec v\u1eady hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00fang th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i giao di\u1ec7n, v.v., v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i s\u1ebd ch\u1eadm. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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        \n<\/div>\n
        \n
        \n

        Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Agile & Scrum<\/h4>\n