{"id":3952,"date":"2022-02-07T10:34:18","date_gmt":"2022-02-07T10:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/?p=3952"},"modified":"2025-02-07T09:54:09","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T01:54:09","slug":"unified-modeling-language-uml-introduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/unified-modeling-language-uml-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t (UML)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/UML\/2.5.1\/About-UML\/\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t (UML)<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/uml-tool\/\">UML<\/a> l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, doanh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1edfi <a href=\"https:\/\/omg.org\/\">Nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMG)<\/a> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, OMG \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch n\u00f3. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISO) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn UML nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. UML \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h2>UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t (UML) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chung cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn. UML c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML, n\u00f3i chung, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ranh gi\u1edbi, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9a b\u00ean trong n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e3 trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a UML<\/h2>\n<p>UML xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i xung quanh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ba nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a Rational Software \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra UML v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994-1996. N\u00f3 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p id=\"yzQEOfT\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3955\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"461\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/img_6200f3e9f3dae.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/img_6200f3e9f3dae.png 975w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/img_6200f3e9f3dae-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/img_6200f3e9f3dae-768x363.png 768w\" width=\"975\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>UML c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh doanh. Do \u0111\u00f3, UML tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn UML. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, UML l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t <strong>s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u0129nh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t <strong>s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/strong> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p id=\"yyLnRnc\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3954\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"490\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 815px) 100vw, 815px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/img_6200f3b2015ff.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/img_6200f3b2015ff.png 815w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/img_6200f3b2015ff-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/img_6200f3b2015ff-768x462.png 768w\" width=\"815\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong UML<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Object-oriented_programming#:~:text=Object%2Doriented%20programming%20(OOP),(often%20known%20as%20methods).\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OO)<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi UML.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00f3. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i xung quanh ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 UML c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111a h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>UML c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML. Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdc UML, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m OO.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong UML.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. T\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/strong>: m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp cha.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/strong>: qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110a h\u00ecnh<\/strong>: m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ed5 sung trong UML:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a UML ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 Agile \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<li>Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, UML y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00edn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong UML 2.x \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 9 l\u00ean 13. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong UML 2.x.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML 2.x.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac UML<\/h2>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/strong> \u2013 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/03-class-diagram-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (l\u1edbp, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c n\u00fat tri\u1ec3n khai) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1edbp, ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/09-composite-structure-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. V\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/07-object-diagram-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hay ch\u01b0a. Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/04-component-diagram-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean ch\u00fang. Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/05-deployment-diagarm.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/08-package-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi UML<\/h2>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong> \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i cho nhau. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/13-state-machine-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> \u2013 Ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n li\u00ean quan trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/12-activity-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/11-use-case-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/strong> \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/14-sequence-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp<\/strong>\u00a0(c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong UML 1.x) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/15-activity-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/17-timing-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/02\/16-interaction-overview-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n UML<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tham gia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh thoi r\u1ed7ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh l\u1edbp ch\u1ee9a trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong m\u00e3, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o. Theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nhau th\u00f4ng qua Li\u00ean k\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai L\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t L\u1edbp con th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e1nh<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Nh\u00e1nh, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e1nh, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n theo Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c g\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed UML c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, l\u00e0 Di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean, L\u1edbp v\u00e0 Giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Giao ti\u1ebfp, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Tin nh\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Giao ti\u1ebfp<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong khi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Quy tr\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t H\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Tri\u1ec3n khai<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mi\u1ec1n<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Quy tr\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t H\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ed5 sung bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/strong>: B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00e0 l\u1edbp con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c (l\u1edbp cha). M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean r\u1ed7ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o l\u1edbp cha.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/strong>: Trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Cu\u1ed1i<\/strong>: Trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chia nh\u00e1nh<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n song song b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t L\u1edbp con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t L\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GoF<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 B\u1ed9 m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a B\u0103ng nh\u00f3m B\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 GRASP \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 GRASP \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Quy tr\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t H\u1ee3p l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 C\u00e1c l\u1edbp con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp cha (l\u1edbp si\u00eau). C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ghi \u0111\u00e8 trong l\u1edbp con.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong>: Trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giao di\u1ec7n<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho h\u00e0nh vi. M\u1ed9t L\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t Giao di\u1ec7n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3). M\u1ed9t L\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 L\u1edbp th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Bao g\u1ed3m v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u1ed9p<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n song song \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e1i h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u1ed9p<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau g\u1eb7p nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tin nh\u1eafn<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn tin nh\u1eafn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trung t\u00e2m UML. Bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c G\u00f3i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u kia. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng hai chi\u1ec1u (m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u kia) ho\u1eb7c Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u kia, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i).<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Trong m\u1ed9t Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong m\u1ed9t Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Chu\u1ed7i, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia v\u00e0o k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3i chung: m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (Di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean, L\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c Giao di\u1ec7n).<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00f3i<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed UML m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 G\u00f3i v\u00e0 C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1eabu<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi cho m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tham s\u1ed1<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 cho m\u1ed9t Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110a h\u00ecnh<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00e3 cho Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong>: Trong m\u1ed9t Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Tri\u1ec3n khai, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c n\u01a1i m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00e3 cho Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1c L\u1edbp con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng khai<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u0169i t\u00ean H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecdc<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t L\u1edbp cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t Giao di\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vai tr\u00f2<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Tin nh\u1eafn truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u2013 M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>: Trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u0129nh<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i cho m\u1ed9t Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i cho m\u1ed9t Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong UML. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n trong UML.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp con<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t L\u1edbp m\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t L\u1edbp con th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00e0n b\u01a1i<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t L\u00e0n b\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c Di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi L\u00e0n b\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/strong>: Trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c Nh\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c G\u1ed9p ho\u1eb7c Chia ho\u1eb7c K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p sang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sang Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Quy tr\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t H\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UML<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: Trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t Di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i cho m\u1ed9t Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 ra m\u00e3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ea3 thi bao g\u1ed3m C\u00f4ng khai, B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, v\u00e0 Ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 M\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o UML<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unified_Modeling_Language\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/rational\/library\/769.html\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u2013 IBM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/uml-tool\/\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t: Visual Paradigm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/\">Visual Paradigm: Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Unified Modeling Language (UML) was developed to create a common visual modeling language for the architecture, design, and implementation of the structure and behavior of large software systems.UML has applications outside of software development, such as industrial processes. This is an introduction to UML. You will learn what UML is, what the history of UML is, and a comprehensive description of all UML diagram types.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3970,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[52,62,53],"class_list":["post-3952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-cn-done","tag-ja-done","tag-tw-done"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t (UML) - Cybermedian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/unified-modeling-language-uml-introduction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t (UML) - Cybermedian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Unified Modeling Language (UML) was developed to create a common visual modeling language for the architecture, design, and implementation of the structure and behavior of large software systems.UML has applications outside of software development, such as industrial processes. 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