M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\n- customerId\n- name\n+ placeOrder()\n\n\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\n- orderId\n- orderDate\n- status\n+ calculateTotal()\n\nS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\n- productId\n- name\n- price\n+ updatePrice()\n<\/code><\/pre>\nC\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng 1 -------- 0..* \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\n\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng 1 -------- 1..* S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\n<\/code><\/pre>\nTrong m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> v\u00e0 S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/code>.<\/p>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp h\u1eefu \u00edch cho:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00f3i chung, trong khi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3. Visual Paradigm m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1edbp chung.<\/p>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab20a0cb1055.png\")
<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
customerA:Customer\nname = \"Alex\"\n\norder1001:Order\nstatus = \"\u0110\u00e3 thanh to\u00e1n\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\nBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu \u00edch khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n minh h\u1ecda:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
M\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng customerA<\/code> hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu order1001<\/code> v\u00e0 order1002<\/code>.<\/p>\n3. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab20a8624ccc.png\")
<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Web<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Thanh to\u00e1n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Web --> D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng --> D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Thanh to\u00e1n\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng --> D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng --> C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\n<\/code><\/pre>\nBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac vi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf API<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab20aff2b456.png\")
<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3o n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
N\u00fat \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Container<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\n |\n v\nM\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web\n |\n v\nM\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng\n |\n v\nM\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\n<\/code><\/pre>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
5. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/h3>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab20b957188a.png\")
<\/p>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
danh m\u1ee5c<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
thanh to\u00e1n<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
order --> user\r\norder --> catalog\r\norder --> payment\r\npayment --> notification\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
6. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab20c22cef1c.png\")
<\/p>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c b\u00ean trong<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u00ean trong<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t OrderController<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n- \n
OrderService<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
OrderRepository<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nKh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p cao, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
7. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng UML cho m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t danh, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab20c916d97e.png\")
<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t danh nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n
<<th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3>>\r\n<<b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n>>\r\n<<d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5>>\r\n<<vi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5>>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Web<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c khung l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a theo ng\u00e0nh<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua trong c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a UML 2.x. UML 2.x th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 H\u00e0nh vi UML<\/h2>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n
1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab20d2f4096e.png\")
<\/p>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mua s\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n sau:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 giao h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Duy\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Th\u00eam s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Thanh to\u00e1n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Theo d\u00f5i giao h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u00e0nh vi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/code>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code>, trong khi \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1<\/code>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/code>.<\/p>\n2. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab20dc5ca277.png\")
<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n
B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\n |\nDuy\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\n |\nTh\u00eam s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\n |\nTi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thanh to\u00e1n\n |\nNh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin thanh to\u00e1n\n |\nThanh to\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng?\n \/ \nKh\u00f4ng C\u00f3\n| |\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb l\u1ed7i T\u1ea1o \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\n |\n G\u1eedi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn\n |\n K\u1ebft th\u00fac\n<\/code><\/pre>\nBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
N\u00fat b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
K\u00eanh b\u01a1i cho tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
K\u00eanh b\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, k\u00eanh kh\u00e1c cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 k\u00eanh kh\u00e1c cho c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
3. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab210046c5e3.png\")
<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n
Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng -> WebApp: G\u1eedi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\r\nWebApp -> OrderService: createOrder()\r\nOrderService -> PaymentService: authorizePayment()\r\nPaymentService --> OrderService: paymentApproved\r\nOrderService -> NotificationService: sendConfirmation()\r\nOrderService --> WebApp: orderCreated\r\nWebApp --> Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Tin nh\u1eafn<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c song song<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi API, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, lu\u1ed3ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n
4. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab2117c22363.png\")
<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n UML c\u0169 h\u01a1n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
Thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n
1: submitOrder()\r\nKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ----------------> WebApp\r\n\r\n2: createOrder()\r\nWebApp ------------------> D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\r\n\r\n3: authorizePayment()\r\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng -------------> D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Thanh to\u00e1n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng h\u1eefu \u00edch khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ef1c quan ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
5. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab211a9df7d4.png\")
<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sau:<\/p>\n
M\u1edbi -> Ch\u1edd thanh to\u00e1n -> \u0110\u00e3 thanh to\u00e1n -> \u0110\u00e3 giao h\u00e0ng -> \u0110\u00e3 giao\r\n |\r\n v\r\n \u0110\u00e3 h\u1ee7y\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nM\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n
Ch\u1edd thanh to\u00e1n -- paymentApproved --> \u0110\u00e3 thanh to\u00e1n\r\nCh\u1edd thanh to\u00e1n -- paymentFailed --> Thanh to\u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu \u00edch cho:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
H\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
6. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab212460dc5d.png\")
<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
7. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n
![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab212e16571d.png\")
<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n theo ki\u1ec3u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c song song<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c cho \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c thanh to\u00e1n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thanh to\u00e1n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 UML<\/h2>\n
Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 UML l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n
![\"Th\u1ebb](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab21621a80f3.png\")
<\/p>\n
Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa hai ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng -------- \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n
Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ------> Thanh to\u00e1n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh to\u00e1n, trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n
T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n
T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\n \/ \nKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code> v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean<\/code> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/code>.<\/p>\nPh\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
OrderService - - - -> PaymentGateway\n<\/code><\/pre>\nM\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n
T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9i \u25c7------ C\u1ea7u th\u1ee7\n<\/code><\/pre>\nM\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3-ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 cho v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u25c6------ M\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nM\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\nTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n
Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n - - -|> B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n<\/code>cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi giao di\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n<\/code>.<\/p>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 UML: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mua s\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n
H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng mua s\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n- \n
Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 giao h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n- \n
T\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Duy\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Th\u00eam m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Thanh to\u00e1n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Theo d\u00f5i giao h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3<\/h3>\nKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\nS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\nGi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\nM\u1ee5c gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\n\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\nThanh to\u00e1n\nGiao h\u00e0ng\n<\/code><\/pre>\nC\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3<\/h3>\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 danh m\u1ee5c\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o\n<\/code><\/pre>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n
Khi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1eedi gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng web g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t email x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n qua nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML:<\/p>\n
\n- \n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: Cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: Cho th\u1ea5y quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1: Cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp: Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code>, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code>, S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/code>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: Cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai: Cho th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n| M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/th>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n |
\n\n| Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| T\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng UML cho m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t<\/td>\n | S\u01a1 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n |
![\"Infographic](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab1fa751c62a.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"Th\u1ebb](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab1faf9214ab.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab1fb215dd30.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"S\u01a1](\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6ab20984afccd.png\")
<\/p>\n