{"id":11041,"date":"2024-11-27T18:12:31","date_gmt":"2024-11-27T10:12:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/data-flow-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-04-20T17:04:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T09:04:23","slug":"data-flow-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/data-flow-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\">C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a>) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00ec t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Software\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/dfd.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: <strong>logic<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Logical vs Physical Data Flow Diagrams\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/03-dfd-example-physical-to-logical-dfd.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/understanding-logical-dfd-vs-physical-dfd-when-and-why-we-need-them\/\">C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic<\/a> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: Ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong>: C\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/strong>: D\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 khung kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/understanding-logical-dfd-vs-physical-dfd-when-and-why-we-need-them\/\">C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a>minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong>: Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, t\u1eadp tin, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/strong>: C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u1ea3 hai<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/logical-vs-physical-data-flow-diagrams\/\">s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) so v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t (UML) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/strong>: Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/strong>: Cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/\">c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/a>k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: DFD \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 UML \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169. T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai s\u00f3t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i g\u1eedi ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, ch\u00fang thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean minh h\u1ecda cho h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/features\/dfd-maker\/\">C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/a> kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/\">m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Navigating System Complexity: A Comprehensive Guide to Data Flow Diagram  Levels - Visual Paradigm Guides\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/17-balancing-dfd.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 3 tr\u1edf l\u00ean: T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 3 tr\u1edf \u0111i) tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n do \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2013 Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i li\u00ean quan. DFD th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 DFD t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2.<br \/>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 (S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh)<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea (P1)<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>: Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p 1<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p 1 chia nh\u1ecf quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>P1.1: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<li>P1.2: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadt t\u01b0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadt t\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n kho, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed3n kho.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, quy tr\u00ecnh C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadt t\u01b0, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p 2<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p 2 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p 1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>P1.1.1: Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<li>P1.1.2: X\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>P1.1.3: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<li>P1.1.4: Giao \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadt t\u01b0<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>P1.2.1: Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho<\/li>\n<li>P1.2.2: \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/li>\n<li>P1.2.3: Nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt t\u01b0<\/li>\n<li>P1.2.4: C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed3n kho<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, X\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n, Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Giao \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c DFD theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t DFD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra; c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i ra.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh<\/strong>: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh<\/strong>: B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong>: Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con<\/strong>: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1<\/strong>: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i chi ti\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o th\u00eam c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>M\u1eb9o v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 Visual Paradigm \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng<\/strong>: Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/strong>: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt<\/strong>: Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan<\/strong>: T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/tutorials\/data-flow-diagram-dfd.jsp\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a>) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf <a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/navigating-system-complexity-a-comprehensive-guide-to-data-flow-diagram-levels\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9<\/a>\u2014t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 0 \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ee9c 2\u2014ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD M\u1ee9c 0<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan theo b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quen ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD M\u1ee9c 1<\/strong> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD M\u1ee9c 2<\/strong> \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/resources\/data-flow-diagram\/guides\/what-is-a-data-flow-diagram\/\">c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD<\/a> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, <a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/a-step-by-step-guide-to-creating-data-flow-diagrams-with-visual-paradigm\/\">c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD<\/a> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u01a1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng quan \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao hay ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft quy tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11042,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[69,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-modeling","category-unified-modeling-language"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - 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