{"id":10985,"date":"2023-03-02T14:38:48","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T06:38:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide-to-system-analysis-and-design\/"},"modified":"2026-04-20T17:11:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T09:11:36","slug":"mastering-data-flow-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide-to-system-analysis-and-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide-to-system-analysis-and-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/tutorials\/data-flow-diagram-dfd.jsp\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> (DFDs) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan minh h\u1ecda lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"How to Create Data Flow Diagram (DFD)?\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/how-to-create-data-flow-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Chapter 8. Data Flow Diagram - Visual Paradigm Community Circle\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Data-Flow-Diagram-Food-Ordering-System.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1edfi Larry Constantine v\u00e0 Ed Yourdon trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u201d n\u0103m 1979. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Theo th\u1eddi gian, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea5p cao th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u1ee3i \u00edch khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong DFD, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"DFD Using Yourdon and DeMarco Notation\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/dfd-notations-comparison.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo g\u00f3c trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ra ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song \u1edf hai b\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng, cho bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o hay \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img alt=\"Online Data Flow Diagram Maker\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/bdd6f129-13da-4410-a51f-96bb4d6d94c0.png\"\/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.\n<p id=\"iFwtFeq\"><img alt=\"What is Data Flow Diagram (DFD)? How to Draw DFD?\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/13-decompose-process.png\"\/><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD):<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy t\u1eafc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t, c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o DFD \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD):<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD):<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0 th\u1eeba trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/h2>\n<p><img alt=\"Data Flow Diagram: The Top-Down Decomposition Technique\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/17-balancing-dfd.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD):<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh<\/strong>: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a DFD:<\/strong>Sau khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch, tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Sau khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch, tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a DFD, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3, C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, Chia t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3:<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n. Trong DFD, ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng:<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. Trong DFD, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nhau. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h3>Chia t\u00e1ch:<\/h3>\n<p>Chia t\u00e1ch l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Trong DFD, chia t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho t\u1eebng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n t\u1eebng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a:<\/h3>\n<p><img alt=\"Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Software\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/dfd.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a cao h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m \u00edt chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, trong khi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong DFD, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a cao nh\u1ea5t, trong khi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfp theo cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3, C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, Chia t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho DFD, so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u DFD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD):<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Microsoft Visio:<\/strong>Microsoft Visio l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD). N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1eabu s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Visual Paradigm Online:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/features\/dfd-maker\/\">Visual Paradigm Online<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Visual Paradigm Desktop:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/data-flow-diagram-tool\/\">Visual Paradigm<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/h3>\n<p>Khi ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD), \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi so s\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>D\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00ean d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD), bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00eam bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1eabu:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD), bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi ph\u00ed:<\/strong>Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 ph\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00ean t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>M\u1eb9o ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD):<\/h3>\n<p>Khi ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD), h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng m\u1eb9o sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/strong>: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n, bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng:<\/strong> T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, bao g\u1ed3m bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1eabu v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00eam nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mua:<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng th\u1eed ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mua.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/strong>H\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Xem x\u00e9t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m quen v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<div class=\"flex-1 overflow-hidden\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-znmoj-79elbk h-full dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-znmoj-1n7m0yu\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col items-center text-sm dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"w-full border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 group bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\">\n<div class=\"text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 m-auto md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng DFD v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd DFD.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i DFD, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 DFD<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/features\/dfd-maker\/\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are visual representations that illustrate the flow of information within a system. They are used to describe the processes and data flows in a structured manner, and are useful in analyzing, designing, and documenting information systems.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-online-diagrams","category-software-engineering"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng - Cybermedian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide-to-system-analysis-and-design\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng - Cybermedian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are visual representations that illustrate the flow of information within a system. 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