{"id":10825,"date":"2024-07-31T16:12:30","date_gmt":"2024-07-31T08:12:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/introduction-to-uml-for-beginners\/"},"modified":"2026-04-20T17:09:56","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T09:09:56","slug":"introduction-to-uml-for-beginners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/introduction-to-uml-for-beginners\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 UML cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi Nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMG) v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, UML 1.0, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, UML \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 UML v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a UML<\/h3>\n

UML bao g\u1ed3m ba kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a UML, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n).<\/li>\n
  2. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong>: Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
  3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. UML \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h4>\n

    L\u1edbp<\/strong>: L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang bao \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh) v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi (thao t\u00e1c). D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 l\u1edbpPerson<\/code> l\u1edbp:
    \n<\/p>\n

    Giao di\u1ec7n<\/strong>: Giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7nMovable<\/code> giao di\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n). Ch\u00fang ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h4>\n

    Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong>: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hai chi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n (m\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u, nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u).<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/strong>: T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. L\u1edbp con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb l\u1edbp cha.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong>: C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed (kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c (nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h4>\n

    UML \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/strong>: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
    2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
    3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/strong>: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
    4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
    5. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

      UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a UML (c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language"],"yoast_head":"\nGi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 UML cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u - Cybermedian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/introduction-to-uml-for-beginners\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 UML cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u - 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