{"id":10668,"date":"2025-01-10T16:59:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-10T08:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/understanding-entity-relationship-diagrams-erds-key-concepts-and-types\/"},"modified":"2026-04-14T19:07:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T11:07:43","slug":"understanding-entity-relationship-diagrams-erds-key-concepts-and-types","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/vn\/understanding-entity-relationship-diagrams-erds-key-concepts-and-types\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD): C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/introduction-to-data-modeling-with-visual-paradigm-erd-diagramming-code-generation-and-reverse-engineering\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/a> (ERD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. ERD l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 ERD, ba lo\u1ea1i ERD kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h4>C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ERD<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. Trong m\u1ed9t ERD, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh elip ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc\u201d c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u201ct\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cm\u00f4 t\u1ea3\u201d, trong khi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u201ct\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cng\u00e0y sinh.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong ERD logic, \u201cID\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh cho c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong ERD logic, \u201cSchoolID\u201d trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cID\u201d trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Ba lo\u1ea1i ERD<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Introduction to Data Modeling with Visual Paradigm: ERD Diagramming, Code  Generation, and Reverse Engineering - Visual Paradigm Guides\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/from-conceptual-to-logical-to-physical-erd.png\"\/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>ERD kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>: N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD logic<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD logic cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>: N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD logic bao g\u1ed3m \u201cID\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh cho c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201cSchoolID\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD logic trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (DBMS), bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>: N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d v\u1edbi t\u00ean c\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ba lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: T\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER logic: Chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER v\u1eadt l\u00fd: Chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: Ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER logic: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER v\u1eadt l\u00fd: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER logic: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER v\u1eadt l\u00fd: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/visual-modeling\/conceptual-vs-logical-vs-physical-data-model\">M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER<\/a><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan nh\u1eb1m ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER logic<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/3563\/3564\/85375_drawingentit.html\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Entiti-Quan h\u1ec7<\/a> (ERDs) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ba lo\u1ea1i<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/3563\/3564\/85378_conceptual,l.html\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER<\/a>\u2014Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, Logic v\u00e0 V\u1eadt l\u00fd\u2014\u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y<a href=\"https:\/\/knowhow.visual-paradigm.com\/database-design\/conceptual-logical-physical-erd\/\">c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER<\/a>gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u M\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10669,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-online-diagrams","category-unified-modeling-language"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - 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