{"id":617,"date":"2022-01-26T01:52:04","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T01:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/?p=617"},"modified":"2025-02-14T16:44:34","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T08:44:34","slug":"develop-dfd-with-stepwise-refinement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/develop-dfd-with-stepwise-refinement\/","title":{"rendered":"Kembangkan DFD dengan Penyempurnaan Bertahap"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"1cbb\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Diagram Aliran Data<\/a>(DFD) mewakili aliran informasi melalui sistem. DFD dengan cepat menjadi cara populer untuk memvisualisasikan langkah-langkah utama dan data yang terlibat dalam proses sistem perangkat lunak.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"b108\">Diagram aliran data (DFD) adalah cara untuk mewakili aliran data dari suatu proses atau sistem (biasanya sistem informasi), misalnya:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\" id=\"0e20\">Dari Mana Data Berasal?<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"6a76\">Kemana Data Pergi?<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"2dec\">Bagaimana Data Disimpan?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--li\" id=\"f2d7\">Dengan kata lain, ini menunjukkan bagaimana data diproses oleh sistem dalam hal input dan output menggunakan teknik dekomposisi top-down (atau dikenal sebagai penyempurnaan bertahap).<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--p\" id=\"aad7\">Apa itu Penyempurnaan Bertahap?<\/h4>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h4\" id=\"5056\">Salah satu cara efektif untuk menyelesaikan masalah kompleks adalah dengan memecahnya menjadi sub-masalah yang lebih sederhana. Anda mulai dengan memecah seluruh tugas menjadi bagian-bagian yang lebih sederhana.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"df59\">Penyempurnaan langkah demi langkah pada dasarnya adalah dekomposisi sistem untuk mendapatkan wawasan tentang subsistem yang membentuk sistem, yang dikenal sebagai metode dekomposisi top-down.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"2165\">Sebagai contoh, gambaran umum sistem dikembangkan sebagai<a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">diagram konteks sistem<\/a>yang menentukan, tetapi tidak menentukan, tingkat mana pun dari subsistem. Setiap subsistem ini kemudian disempurnakan menjadi detail yang lebih besar (seperti tingkat 0, 1, 2, dan seterusnya dalam DFD), terkadang pada banyak tingkat subsistem tambahan, sampai seluruh spesifikasi dikurangi menjadi elemen dasar.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"c0eb\">Seperti biasa, sesi curah pendapat telah menghasilkan ide-ide (sebenarnya, hal-hal untuk daftar tugas kita) yang berada pada tingkat \u201cdetail\u201d yang berbeda\u2014beberapa di antaranya berada di \u201ctingkat yang lebih rendah\u201d daripada yang lain, atau, kita bisa katakan, beberapa mengandung yang lain.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"2d53\">Mari kita susun ini secara hierarkis. Dengan kata lain, mari kita identifikasi langkah-langkah mana yang merupakan bagian dari langkah lain. Salah satu cara untuk melakukan ini adalah dengan memikirkan setiap tindakan sebagai satu set tindakan.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--p\" id=\"3e6e\">Contoh Penyempurnaan Bertahap<\/h4>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--h4\" id=\"8d2f\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-image-id=\"0*qxK-mPAO_MWdNpr0.gif\" data-is-featured=\"true\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2022\/01\/0qxK-mPAO_MWdNpr0.gif\"\/><\/figure>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--figure\" id=\"645d\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--h4-strong\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">Bersihkan rumah<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"4d28\">\n<p>{Vakum ruang makan, Rapikan ruang tamu}<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"8321\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--h4-strong\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">Masak<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"7a12\">\n<p>{Pilih resep, Belanja bahan, Panggang Ayam. Siapkan Sayuran}<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"c7f4\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">Siapkan Meja<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"2932\">\n<p><em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">Cari taplak meja, Keluarkan piring, Siapkan gelas, Siapkan peralatan makan, Serbet<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"558c\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">Panggang ayam<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"ade9\">\n<p>{<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">Panaskan oven hingga<\/em>400\u00a0,\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">Masukkan ayam ke dalam wajan, Biarkan ayam di dalam<\/em>400\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">oven selama<\/em>90\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">menit<\/em>}<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"6e69\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">Siapkan Sayuran<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"1335\">\n<p><em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">Cincang sayuran, Masak sayuran<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"0e0c\">(*Sumber: <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/A-level_Computing\/AQA\/Problem_Solving,_Programming,_Data_Representation_and_Practical_Exercise\/Problem_Solving\/Top-down_design_and_Step-wise_refinement\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/A-level_Computing\/AQA\/Problem_Solving,_Programming,_Data_Representation_and_Practical_Exercise\/Problem_Solving\/Top-down_design_and_Step-wise_refinement\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Desain top-down dan penyempurnaan bertahap\u200a\u2014\u200aBuku Wiki<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"bc4f\">Setelah elemen dasar ini diidentifikasi, kita dapat membangunnya menjadi modul komputer. Setelah mereka dibangun, kita dapat menyatukannya dan membuat seluruh sistem dari komponen individu ini.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\" id=\"854f\">Teknik Dekomposisi Top-Down dalam DFD<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"167e\">Dalam DFD,<a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">dekomposisi top-down<\/a>(juga disebut leveling atau penyempurnaan bertahap) adalah teknik yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan lebih banyak detail dalam DFD tingkat rendah. Leveling dilakukan dengan menggambar serangkaian diagram yang semakin rinci sampai tingkat detail yang diinginkan tercapai. Seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar, Leveling DFD pertama-tama menampilkan sistem yang ditargetkan sebagai satu proses, dan kemudian menunjukkan lebih banyak detail sampai semua proses menjadi primitif fungsional.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--p\" id=\"6dc4\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"549\" data-image-id=\"0*TZMKm3bnkiFJpb4s.png\" data-width=\"882\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2022\/01\/0TZMKm3bnkiFJpb4s.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"0b42\">DFD yang Berada pada Tingkat yang Lebih Tinggi Lebih Sedikit Rinci<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"2991\">DFD Tingkat Tinggi Harus Dekomposisi Menjadi DFD yang Lebih Rinci di Tingkat yang Lebih Rendah<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"fa92\">Diagram Konteks adalah yang tertinggi dalam hierarki (Lihat Aturan Pembuatan DFD). Tingkat Nol yang disebut diikuti oleh DFD 0, dimulai dengan Penomoran Proses (Misalnya, Proses 1, Proses 2).<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"b9b5\">Selanjutnya, yang disebut sebagai Tingkat Pertama\u200a\u2014\u200aDFD 1\u200a\u2014\u200aPenomoran Berlanjut. Misalnya, Proses 1 Dibagi Menjadi Tiga Tingkat Pertama Dari DFD, Yang Dinomori 1.1, 1.2 Dan 1.3.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"cadf\">Demikian pula, Proses Di Tingkat Kedua (DFD 2) Dinomori Misalnya 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3 Dan 1.1.4.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"fce7\">Jumlah Tingkat Bergantung Pada Ukuran Sistem Model. Setiap Proses Di Tingkat 0 Mungkin Tidak Memiliki Jumlah Tingkat Dekompisi Yang Sama.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--li\" id=\"a916\">Contoh DFD\u200a\u2014\u200aContoh Sistem Layanan Pelanggan<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"ad47\">Diagram aliran data adalah hierarki diagram yang terdiri dari:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\" id=\"a743\">Diagram Konteks (secara konseptual tingkat nol)<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"2a86\">DFD Tingkat-1<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"210c\">Dan kemungkinan DFD Tingkat-2 dan tingkat dekomposisi fungsional lebih lanjut tergantung pada kompleksitas sistem Anda<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--li\" id=\"0d08\">DFD Konteks<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"e943\">Gambar di bawah ini menunjukkan Diagram Aliran Data konteks yang digambar untuk Sistem Layanan Pelanggan perusahaan kereta api. Ini berisi sebuah proses (bentuk) yang mewakili sistem untuk dimodelkan, dalam hal ini, \u201c<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Sistem CS<\/em>\u201c. Ini juga menunjukkan peserta yang akan berinteraksi dengan sistem, yang disebut entitas eksternal. Dalam contoh ini,\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Asisten CS<\/em>\u00a0dan\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Penumpang<\/em>\u00a0adalah dua entitas yang akan berinteraksi dengan sistem. Di antara proses dan entitas eksternal, terdapat aliran data (penghubung) yang menunjukkan adanya pertukaran informasi antara entitas dan sistem.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--p\" id=\"06d3\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"121\" data-image-id=\"0*zfUxDeKMy-91D4jJ.png\" data-width=\"567\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2022\/01\/0zfUxDeKMy-91D4jJ.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--figure\" id=\"844b\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/dd87bf2b-0fad-4f7e-8a58-d085c722a254.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Context%20DFD\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/dd87bf2b-0fad-4f7e-8a58-d085c722a254.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Context%20DFD\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Edit contoh DFD Yourdon dan Coad ini<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"3215\">DFD Konteks adalah pintu masuk dari model aliran data. Ini berisi satu dan hanya satu proses dan tidak menunjukkan penyimpanan data.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\" id=\"1293\">DFD Tingkat 1<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"1b45\">Gambar di bawah ini menunjukkan DFD tingkat 1, yang merupakan dekomposisi (yaitu, pemecahan) dari proses Sistem CS yang ditunjukkan dalam DFD konteks. Bacalah diagram tersebut dan kemudian kami akan memperkenalkan beberapa konsep kunci berdasarkan diagram ini.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--p\" id=\"b267\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"542\" data-image-id=\"0*09gCEUHhCzVfNZeE.png\" data-width=\"695\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2022\/01\/009gCEUHhCzVfNZeE.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--figure\" id=\"f97e\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/d592ccb3-23ca-4bee-8ccb-c6f66e90f921.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Level%201%20DFD\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/d592ccb3-23ca-4bee-8ccb-c6f66e90f921.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Level%201%20DFD\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Edit contoh Diagram Yourdon dan Coad ini<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"1903\">Contoh Diagram Aliran Data Sistem CS mengandung empat proses, dua entitas eksternal, dan empat penyimpanan data. Meskipun tidak ada pedoman desain yang mengatur posisi bentuk dalam Diagram Aliran Data, kami cenderung menempatkan proses di tengah dan penyimpanan data serta entitas eksternal di sisi untuk memudahkan pemahaman.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"1ad6\">Berdasarkan diagram, kita tahu bahwa seorang\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Penumpang<\/em>\u00a0dapat menerima\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Detail transportasi<\/em>\u00a0dari\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Proses Inquiry Detail Transportasi<\/em>\u00a0proses, dan detailnya disediakan oleh penyimpanan data\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Detail Transportasi<\/em>\u00a0dan\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Statistik Langsung Kereta Api<\/em>. Sementara data yang disimpan di\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Detail Transportasi<\/em>\u00a0adalah data persisten (ditunjukkan dengan label \u201cD\u201d), data yang disimpan di\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Statistik Langsung Kereta Api<\/em>\u00a0adalah data sementara yang disimpan untuk waktu singkat (ditunjukkan dengan label \u201cT\u201d). Bentuk callout digunakan untuk mencantumkan jenis detail yang dapat ditanyakan oleh seorang penumpang.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"ef88\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Asisten CS<\/em>\u00a0dapat memulai\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Beli Souvenir<\/em>\u00a0proses, yang akan menghasilkan\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Detail Pesanan<\/em>\u00a0disimpan di\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Pesanan<\/em>\u00a0penyimpanan data. Meskipun pelanggan adalah orang nyata yang membeli souvenir, itu adalah\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Asisten CS<\/em>\u00a0yang mengakses sistem untuk menyimpan detail pesanan. Oleh karena itu, kami membuat aliran data dari\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Asisten CS<\/em>\u00a0ke\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Beli Souvenir<\/em> proses.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"2dbd\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Asisten CS<\/em> juga dapat memulai <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Beli Tiket<\/em> proses dengan memberikan <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Detail Pesanan<\/em> dan detail akan disimpan kembali di <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Pesanan<\/em> penyimpanan data. Diagram Aliran Data adalah diagram tingkat tinggi yang digambar dengan tingkat abstraksi yang tinggi. Penyimpanan data Pesanan yang digambar di sini tidak selalu menunjukkan database pesanan nyata atau tabel pesanan dalam database. Cara bagaimana detail pesanan disimpan secara fisik akan diputuskan kemudian saat mengimplementasikan sistem.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"0ddd\">Akhirnya, <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Asisten CS<\/em> dapat memulai <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Laporkan Hilang<\/em> proses dengan memberikan <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Detail Insiden dan Barang<\/em> dan informasi akan disimpan di <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Barang Hilang<\/em> database.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--p\" id=\"2092\">Pelajari Lebih Lanjut DFD melalui Contoh<\/h4>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--h4\" id=\"5725\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"469\" data-image-id=\"0*x63SSpV2vU1_VAP0.png\" data-width=\"653\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2022\/01\/0x63SSpV2vU1_VAP0.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"6dea\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/8c2c19d0-cd9d-4e04-8192-ff0a8c6bea8c.xml&amp;name=Securities%20Trading%20Platform\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/8c2c19d0-cd9d-4e04-8192-ff0a8c6bea8c.xml&amp;name=Securities%20Trading%20Platform\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Platform Perdagangan Sekuritas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"33d3\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"422\" data-image-id=\"0*JI71dZxCO-DRk5Ru.png\" data-width=\"605\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2022\/01\/0JI71dZxCO-DRk5Ru.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"52ca\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/2e409d26-3345-4516-acde-c36b59fa3e0b.xml&amp;name=Food%20Ordering%20System\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/2e409d26-3345-4516-acde-c36b59fa3e0b.xml&amp;name=Food%20Ordering%20System\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sistem Pemesanan Makanan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"e6ea\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"529\" data-image-id=\"0*vCXwOxzj5Vl9hjDi.png\" data-width=\"757\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2022\/01\/0vCXwOxzj5Vl9hjDi.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"618e\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/6963afef-4946-42f3-9117-f089fa70cfc1.xml&amp;name=Customer%20Service%20System%20%28Railway%20Company%29\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/6963afef-4946-42f3-9117-f089fa70cfc1.xml&amp;name=Customer%20Service%20System%20%28Railway%20Company%29\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sistem Layanan Pelanggan (Perusahaan Kereta Api)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"abe3\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"560\" data-image-id=\"0*-FMnw-9ZR_ILv1wR.png\" data-width=\"716\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2022\/01\/0-FMnw-9ZR_ILv1wR.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"27c9\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/0640ff0f-f7f8-4327-a735-94b451a6fd88.xml&amp;name=Supermarket%20App\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/0640ff0f-f7f8-4327-a735-94b451a6fd88.xml&amp;name=Supermarket%20App\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aplikasi Supermarket<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"b1f8\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"369\" data-image-id=\"0*nwUfOC7mhvxrRZDn.png\" data-width=\"637\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2022\/01\/0nwUfOC7mhvxrRZDn.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure graf--trailing\" id=\"2044\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/3f0b7361-8afd-463e-b1e2-e5a54d5207b3.xml&amp;name=Vehicle%20Maintenance%20Depot\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/3f0b7361-8afd-463e-b1e2-e5a54d5207b3.xml&amp;name=Vehicle%20Maintenance%20Depot\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Depo Pemeliharaan Kendaraan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the effective way to solve a complex problem is to break it down into simpler sub-problems. You start by breaking down the whole task into simpler parts. Step-by-step refinement is essentially a decomposition of the system to gain insight into the subsystems that make up the system, known as the top-down decomposition method.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":956,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13,5],"tags":[52,63,62,53],"class_list":["post-617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-online-diagrams","category-software-engineering","tag-cn-done","tag-es-done","tag-ja-done","tag-tw-done"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kembangkan DFD dengan Penyempurnaan Bertahap - Media Maya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/id\/develop-dfd-with-stepwise-refinement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kembangkan DFD dengan Penyempurnaan Bertahap - Media Maya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"One of the effective way to solve a complex problem is to break it down into simpler sub-problems. 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