{"id":617,"date":"2022-01-26T01:52:04","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T01:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/?p=617"},"modified":"2025-02-14T11:47:34","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T03:47:34","slug":"develop-dfd-with-stepwise-refinement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/develop-dfd-with-stepwise-refinement\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 DFD \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"1cbb\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/a>(DFD\u0647\u0627) \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. DFD\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"b108\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (DFD) \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 (\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9 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\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"2165\">\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646<a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/a>\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d 0\u060c 1\u060c 2 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 DFD)\u060c \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc 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data-image-id=\"0*qxK-mPAO_MWdNpr0.gif\" data-is-featured=\"true\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2022\/01\/0qxK-mPAO_MWdNpr0.gif\"\/><\/figure>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--figure\" id=\"645d\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--h4-strong\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0646<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"4d28\">\n<p>{\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0645\u0646}<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"8321\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--h4-strong\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">\u067e\u062e\u062a \u0648 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\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u060c \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0634\u0642 \u0648 \u0686\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"558c\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">\u0645\u0631\u063a \u06a9\u0628\u0627\u0628\u06cc<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"ade9\">\n<p>{<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647<\/em>400\u00a0,\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">\u0645\u0631\u063a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0631\u063a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631<\/em>400\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u062a<\/em>90\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/em>}<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"6e69\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--h4-em\">\u0633\u0628\u0632\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"graf graf--blockquote graf-after--h4\" id=\"1335\">\n<p><em class=\"markup--em markup--blockquote-em\">\u062e\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0632\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062a \u060c \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0632\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote\" id=\"0e0c\">(*\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639: <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/A-level_Computing\/AQA\/Problem_Solving,_Programming,_Data_Representation_and_Practical_Exercise\/Problem_Solving\/Top-down_design_and_Step-wise_refinement\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/A-level_Computing\/AQA\/Problem_Solving,_Programming,_Data_Representation_and_Practical_Exercise\/Problem_Solving\/Top-down_design_and_Step-wise_refinement\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u200a\u2014\u200a\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"bc4f\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\" id=\"854f\">\u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 DFD<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"167e\">\u062f\u0631 DFD\u060c<a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-tutorial-yourdon-notation\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646<\/a>(\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f) \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 DFD\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0633\u0637\u062d\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0637\u062d\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc DFD \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--p\" id=\"6dc4\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"549\" data-image-id=\"0*TZMKm3bnkiFJpb4s.png\" data-width=\"882\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2022\/01\/0TZMKm3bnkiFJpb4s.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"0b42\">DFD\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"2991\">DFD\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 DFD\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"fa92\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f DFD \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f). \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 DFD 0 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f 1\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f 2).<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"b9b5\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0648\u0644\u200a\u2014\u200aDFD 1\u200a\u2014\u200a\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f 1 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0648\u0644 DFD \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f 1.1\u060c 1.2 \u0648 1.3.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"cadf\">\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0645 (DFD 2) \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1.1.1\u060c 1.1.2\u060c 1.1.3 \u0648 1.1.4.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"fce7\">\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d 0 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--li\" id=\"a916\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc DFD\u200a\u2014\u200a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"ad47\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\" id=\"a743\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 (\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0635\u0641\u0631)<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"2a86\">DFD \u0633\u0637\u062d 1<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\" id=\"210c\">\u0648 DFD \u0633\u0637\u062d 2 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--li\" id=\"0d08\">DFD \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"e943\">\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f (\u0634\u06a9\u0644) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 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data-image-id=\"0*zfUxDeKMy-91D4jJ.png\" data-width=\"567\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2022\/01\/0zfUxDeKMy-91D4jJ.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--figure\" id=\"844b\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/dd87bf2b-0fad-4f7e-8a58-d085c722a254.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Context%20DFD\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/dd87bf2b-0fad-4f7e-8a58-d085c722a254.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Context%20DFD\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 DFD \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"3215\">DFD \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\" id=\"1293\">DFD \u0633\u0637\u062d 1<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\" id=\"1b45\">\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 DFD \u0633\u0637\u062d 1 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 (\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0646) \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 CS 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class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--figure\" id=\"f97e\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/d592ccb3-23ca-4bee-8ccb-c6f66e90f921.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Level%201%20DFD\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=YourdonandCoadDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/d592ccb3-23ca-4bee-8ccb-c6f66e90f921.xml&amp;name=CS%20System%20Level%201%20DFD\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"1903\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 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\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"ef88\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 CS<\/em>\u00a0\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0648\u063a\u0627\u062a\u06cc<\/em>\u00a0\u0631\u0627 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a 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\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 CS<\/em>\u00a0\u0628\u0647\u00a0<em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0648\u063a\u0627\u062a\u06cc<\/em> \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"2dbd\"><em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 CS<\/em> \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0637<\/em> \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634<\/em> \u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634<\/em> \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\" id=\"0ddd\">\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u060c <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 CS<\/em> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062f <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06af\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0646<\/em> \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/em> \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 <em class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06af\u0645\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/em> \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--p\" id=\"2092\">\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 DFD \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062f<\/h4>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--h4\" id=\"5725\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"469\" data-image-id=\"0*x63SSpV2vU1_VAP0.png\" data-width=\"653\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2022\/01\/0x63SSpV2vU1_VAP0.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"6dea\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/8c2c19d0-cd9d-4e04-8192-ff0a8c6bea8c.xml&amp;name=Securities%20Trading%20Platform\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/8c2c19d0-cd9d-4e04-8192-ff0a8c6bea8c.xml&amp;name=Securities%20Trading%20Platform\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"33d3\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"422\" data-image-id=\"0*JI71dZxCO-DRk5Ru.png\" data-width=\"605\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2022\/01\/0JI71dZxCO-DRk5Ru.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"52ca\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/2e409d26-3345-4516-acde-c36b59fa3e0b.xml&amp;name=Food%20Ordering%20System\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/2e409d26-3345-4516-acde-c36b59fa3e0b.xml&amp;name=Food%20Ordering%20System\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u063a\u0630\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"e6ea\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"529\" data-image-id=\"0*vCXwOxzj5Vl9hjDi.png\" data-width=\"757\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2022\/01\/0vCXwOxzj5Vl9hjDi.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"618e\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/6963afef-4946-42f3-9117-f089fa70cfc1.xml&amp;name=Customer%20Service%20System%20%28Railway%20Company%29\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/6963afef-4946-42f3-9117-f089fa70cfc1.xml&amp;name=Customer%20Service%20System%20%28Railway%20Company%29\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc (\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0647\u0646)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"abe3\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"560\" data-image-id=\"0*-FMnw-9ZR_ILv1wR.png\" data-width=\"716\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2022\/01\/0-FMnw-9ZR_ILv1wR.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure\" id=\"27c9\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/0640ff0f-f7f8-4327-a735-94b451a6fd88.xml&amp;name=Supermarket%20App\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/0640ff0f-f7f8-4327-a735-94b451a6fd88.xml&amp;name=Supermarket%20App\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"graf graf--figure graf-after--li\" id=\"b1f8\"><img class=\"graf-image\" data-height=\"369\" data-image-id=\"0*nwUfOC7mhvxrRZDn.png\" data-width=\"637\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2022\/01\/0nwUfOC7mhvxrRZDn.png\"\/><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--figure graf--trailing\" id=\"2044\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" data-href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/3f0b7361-8afd-463e-b1e2-e5a54d5207b3.xml&amp;name=Vehicle%20Maintenance%20Depot\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DataFlowDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/3f0b7361-8afd-463e-b1e2-e5a54d5207b3.xml&amp;name=Vehicle%20Maintenance%20Depot\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the effective way to solve a complex problem is to break it down into simpler sub-problems. You start by breaking down the whole task into simpler parts. Step-by-step refinement is essentially a decomposition of the system to gain insight into the subsystems that make up the system, known as the top-down decomposition method.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":956,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13,5],"tags":[52,63,62,53],"class_list":["post-617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-online-diagrams","category-software-engineering","tag-cn-done","tag-es-done","tag-ja-done","tag-tw-done"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 DFD \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc - \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/develop-dfd-with-stepwise-refinement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 DFD \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc - \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"One of the effective way to solve a complex problem is to break it down into simpler sub-problems. 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