{"id":10995,"date":"2023-03-02T15:55:29","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T07:55:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/mastering-entity-relationship-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide-to-designing-effective-data-models\/"},"modified":"2026-04-20T17:11:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T09:11:35","slug":"mastering-entity-relationship-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide-to-designing-effective-data-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/mastering-entity-relationship-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide-to-designing-effective-data-models\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>I. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-modeling\/what-is-entity-relationship-diagram\/\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a<\/a> (ERD) \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/01-entity-relationship-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>II. \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a (ERD) \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a. \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0648<strong> \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc<\/strong> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u0637\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"flex-1 overflow-hidden\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-znmoj-79elbk h-full dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-znmoj-1n7m0yu\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col items-center text-sm dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"w-full border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 group bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\">\n<div class=\"text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 m-auto md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\n<h2>III. \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a (ERD) \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc ERD \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>ERD \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0644 ERD\u060c ERD \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 ERD \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0630\u06cc\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/h4>\n<div class=\"space-gap\"><\/div>\n<p><img alt=\"Conceptual data model\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/10-conceptual-data-model-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>ERD \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0645 ERD\u060c ERD \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 ERD \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 ERD \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. ERD \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc<\/h4>\n<div class=\"space-gap\"><\/div>\n<p><img alt=\"Logical data model\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/11-logical-data-model-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>ERD \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0645 ERD\u060c ERD \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. ERD \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. ERD \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 ERD \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 ERD \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Physical data model\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/12-physical-data-model-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c ERD \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062f. \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c ERD \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 ERD \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 ERD \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627. \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 ERD\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<section data-magellan-target=\"erd-examples\" id=\"erd-examples-movie-rental-system\">\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 ERD \u2013 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645<\/h3>\n<div class=\"space-gap\"><\/div>\n<p><img alt=\"ERD example - Movie Rental System\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/13-erd-example-movie-rental-system.png\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"space-gap-large\"><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section data-magellan-target=\"erd-examples\" id=\"erd-examples-loan-system\">\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 ERD \u2013 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n<div class=\"space-gap\"><\/div>\n<p><img alt=\"ERD example - Loan System\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14-erd-example-loan-system.png\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"space-gap-large\"><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section data-magellan-target=\"erd-examples\" id=\"erd-examples-online-shop\">\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 ERD \u2013 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646<\/h3>\n<div class=\"space-gap\"><\/div>\n<p><img alt=\"ERD example - Online Shop\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/15-erd-example-online-shop.png\"\/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<h2>IV. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a (ERD) \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. ERD \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u2013 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 ERD\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u2013 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/strong> \u2013 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc<\/strong> \u2013 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u06cc. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648-\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f<\/strong> \u2013 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f ERD\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0630\u06cc\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u06cc\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"flex-1 overflow-hidden\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-ypbly-79elbk h-full dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-ypbly-1n7m0yu\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col items-center text-sm dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"w-full border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 group bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\">\n<div class=\"text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 m-auto md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\n<h2>VI. \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a (ERD) \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a<\/strong> \u2013 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f ERD\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 ERD \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u2013 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f ERD \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 ERD \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647<\/strong> \u2013 ERD\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u062f\u0631 ERD \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>VII. \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Microsoft Visio<\/strong> \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f ERD\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f ERD\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/features\/erd-tool\/\"><strong>Visual Paradigm Online<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f ERD\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f ERD\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ER Diagram (ERD) Tool\"><strong>Visual Paradigm Desktop<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc ERD \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f ERD\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 ERD\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c Visual Paradigm \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 ERD\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c Visual Paradigm \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f ERD\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f ERD\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>VIII. \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 ERD \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc ERD \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 ERD\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f ERD\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f ERD \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 ERD \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f ERD\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>ERD\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f ERD\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 ERD:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062a. \u0648 \u0628\u06af\u060c \u0633. (1393).<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Database-Systems-Practical-Implementation-Management\/dp\/0132943263\">\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647: \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a (\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0634\u0645).<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0631. \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062b\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0633. \u0628. (1395).<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/s?k=Fundamentals+of+Database+Systems&amp;i=stripbooks-intl-ship&amp;crid=O9AMPMVJ7EJM&amp;sprefix=fundamentals+of+database+systems%2Cstripbooks-intl-ship%2C351&amp;ref=nb_sb_noss_1\">\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/a> (\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0645).<\/li>\n<li>Microsoft Visio. \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632<a href=\"https:\/\/support.microsoft.com\/en-us\/office\/create-an-entity-relationship-diagram-00fc20da-3bd1-476c-a3d3-f3086eabdd5b\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/support.microsoft.com\/en-us\/office\/create-an-entity-relationship-diagram-00fc20da-3bd1-476c-a3d3-f3086eabdd5b<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-modeling\/what-is-entity-relationship-diagram\/\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-modeling\/what-is-data-modeling\/\">\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flex justify-between\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flex justify-between\">\n<div class=\"text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full h-32 md:h-48 flex-shrink-0\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-0 w-full border-t md:border-t-0 dark:border-white\/20 md:border-transparent md:dark:border-transparent md:bg-vert-light-gradient bg-white dark:bg-gray-800 md:!bg-transparent dark:md:bg-vert-dark-gradient\">\n<form class=\"stretch mx-2 flex flex-row gap-3 pt-2 last:mb-2 md:last:mb-6 lg:mx-auto lg:max-w-3xl lg:pt-6\">\n<div class=\"relative flex h-full flex-1 md:flex-col\">\n<div class=\"flex ml-1 mt-1.5 md:w-full md:m-auto md:mb-2 gap-0 md:gap-2 justify-center\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the realm of data modeling and database design, the entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is an essential tool that plays a vital role. It serves as a visual representation of data, aiding in the description of the relationships between entities and their attributes. By displaying the relationships between entities in a clear and concise manner, ERDs provide an excellent means of modeling intricate systems and identifying how different entities are interconnected.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10996,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 - \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/mastering-entity-relationship-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide-to-designing-effective-data-models\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 - \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the realm of data modeling and database design, the entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is an essential tool that plays a vital role. 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