{"id":10993,"date":"2023-03-02T17:47:01","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T09:47:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/10698-2\/"},"modified":"2026-04-20T17:11:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T09:11:35","slug":"10698-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/10698-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"What<\/p>\n

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\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0630\u06cc\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER<\/h2>\n
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\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a: \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    \n
  • \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/strong>\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"Entity<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/strong>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
    • \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/strong>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
    • \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9:<\/strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"One-to-One \"One-to-Many<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f:<\/strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n
      • \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f:<\/strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \"Many-to-Many<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0647:<\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
        • \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0647:<\/strong>\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n
        • \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc:<\/strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc (PK) \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a (ERD) \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 ERD \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a ‘\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644’ \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc ‘\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647’ \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 ‘PDT-0002’ \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

          \"Primary<\/p>\n

          <\/div>\n

          \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc:<\/strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a FK \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          <\/div>\n
          \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          \"Foreign<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n

          \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER<\/h2>\n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n

          \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc. \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/strong>\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0630\u06cc\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \"Conceptual<\/p>\n

            2. \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc<\/strong>\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

            \"Logical<\/p>\n

            \"\"<\/p>\n

            3. \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/strong>\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

            \"Physical<\/p>\n

            \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

            \n
            \n

            \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER<\/h2>\n

            \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. T\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f:<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/strong>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f. \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 ISBN \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
            2. \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
            3. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc:<\/strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n
            4. \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER:<\/strong>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0641\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Visual Paradigm Online\u060c Visio \u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u067e Visual Paradigm. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER<\/h2>\n

              \"How<\/p>\n

              \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9:<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0648 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644.\"ER<\/li>\n
              2. \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a.<\/li>\n
              3. \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc:<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631.<\/li>\n
              4. \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646:<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n

                \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u06cc\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
                2. \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
                3. \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0635\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0635\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
                4. \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h2>\n

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                  \u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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