{"id":10670,"date":"2025-01-10T18:02:41","date_gmt":"2025-01-10T10:02:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/mastering-data-modeling-from-conceptual-to-physical-design\/"},"modified":"2026-04-14T19:07:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T11:07:40","slug":"mastering-data-modeling-from-conceptual-to-physical-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/fa\/mastering-data-modeling-from-conceptual-to-physical-design\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-modeling\/what-is-entity-relationship-diagram\/\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a-\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647<\/a> (ERDs). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u2014\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u2014\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><iframe allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__ epyt-is-override no-lazyload\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-origheight=\"456\" data-origwidth=\"810\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" height=\"456\" id=\"_ytid_48191\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uIbyZEt4AIQ?enablejsapi=1&amp;autoplay=0&amp;cc_load_policy=0&amp;cc_lang_pref=&amp;iv_load_policy=1&amp;loop=0&amp;modestbranding=0&amp;rel=1&amp;fs=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autohide=2&amp;theme=dark&amp;color=red&amp;controls=1&amp;\" title=\"YouTube player\" width=\"810\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a-\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 (ERD) \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/database-design-with-erd-tools\/\"> \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a-\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647<\/a> (ERD) \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 ERD<\/h3>\n<p><img alt=\"What is ERD\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/what-is-erd.png\"\/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc ERDs\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u062d\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062b\u0628\u062a\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/strong>: \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img alt=\"ERD cardinality\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/erd-cardinality.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 ERD: \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Simple ERD example\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/simple-erd-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 ERD<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 ERD \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0435\u043d\u0442\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0639\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u067e\u0631\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/visual-modeling\/conceptual-vs-logical-vs-physical-data-model\">\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/a>. \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0686\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/strong>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/strong>: \u062e\u06cc\u0631<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/strong>: \u062e\u06cc\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 ERD \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f<code class=\"\">\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc<\/code> \u0648 <code class=\"\">\u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/strong>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/strong>: \u062e\u06cc\u0631<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/strong>: \u062e\u06cc\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code class=\"\">\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc<\/code> \u0648 <code class=\"\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code class=\"\">\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc<\/code>, <code class=\"\">\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/code>, <code class=\"\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e<\/code>, \u0648 <code class=\"\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/code>, \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (DBMS) \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0435\u043d\u0442\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0628\u0644\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/visual-modeling\/conceptual-vs-logical-vs-physical-data-model\">\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/a>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc ERD<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0435\u043d\u0442\u06cc\u062a\u06cc (\u0646\u0627\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f<code class=\"\">\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc<\/code> \u0648 <code class=\"\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f<code class=\"\">\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc (\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc)<\/code>, <code class=\"\">\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc)<\/code>, <code class=\"\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e)<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code class=\"\">\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646)<\/code>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p><img alt=\"Conceptual data model\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5607 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"150\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/conceptual-data-model.png\" width=\"395\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"knowledge-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams.jsp#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=ERDiagram&amp;name=Conceptual%20ERD&amp;external=https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/conceptual-data-model.png\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u00bb \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/h4>\n<p>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u00ab\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632\u00bb \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 UML \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 ER \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0644 ER \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6848 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"238\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/logical-er-model-1.png\" width=\"857\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"knowledge-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams.jsp#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=ERDiagram&amp;name=Logical%20ERD&amp;external=https%3A%2F%2Feditor.visual-paradigm.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F7%2F2020%2F03%2Flogical-data-model.png\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644 ER \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a><a id=\"toc8\" name=\"toc8\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0644 ER \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 ER \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635 (DBMS) \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 DBMS \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6850 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"430\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/physical-er-model-1.png\" width=\"1032\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"knowledge-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams.jsp#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=ERDiagram&amp;name=Physical%20ERD&amp;external=https%3A%2F%2Feditor.visual-paradigm.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F7%2F2020%2F03%2Fphysical-data-model.png\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644 ER \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n<h1>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc ER \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631<\/h1>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a-\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 (ER) \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc ER\u060c Visual Paradigm \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>Visual Paradigm \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 Visual Paradigm\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 (drag-and-drop) \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\">Visual Paradigm<\/a> \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/database-design-with-erd-tools\/\">\u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc ER<\/a>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644 ER \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f SQL<\/strong>: \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc SQL \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 ER \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u062d \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. Visual Paradigm \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0630\u06cc\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>Visual Paradigm \u0628\u0627 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (DBMS) \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 ER \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 Visual Paradigm \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ER \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc ER \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 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\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/visaul-paradigm.com\">\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0645<\/a> \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/tutorials\/how-to-model-relational-database-with-erd.jsp\">\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc ER<\/a> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 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