{"id":11392,"date":"2026-09-28T17:35:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-28T09:35:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/es\/use-case-diagrams-a-practical-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T08:33:26","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T00:33:26","slug":"use-case-diagrams-a-practical-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/es\/use-case-diagrams-a-practical-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Diagramas de Casos de Uso: Una Gu\u00eda Pr\u00e1ctica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Un <strong>diagrama de casos de uso<\/strong> es un diagrama de comportamiento UML que muestra c\u00f3mo los usuarios externos o los sistemas interact\u00faan con un sistema. Se centra en <strong>lo que hace el sistema desde la perspectiva de un actor<\/strong>, no en los detalles de implementaci\u00f3n interna.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-21251\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1122\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1402px) 100vw, 1402px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba301b0c568.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba301b0c568.png 1402w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba301b0c568-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba301b0c568-1024x819.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba301b0c568-768x615.png 768w\" width=\"1402\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Los diagramas de casos de uso son especialmente \u00fatiles durante el an\u00e1lisis de requisitos porque proporcionan una visi\u00f3n de alto nivel de la funcionalidad y el alcance del sistema.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Lo que muestra un diagrama de casos de uso<\/h2>\n<p><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-21252\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1086\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1448px) 100vw, 1448px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3091eac49.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3091eac49.png 1448w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3091eac49-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3091eac49-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3091eac49-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3091eac49-880x660.png 880w\" width=\"1448\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Un diagrama de casos de uso t\u00edpicamente contiene:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u00edmite del sistema<\/strong> \u2014 define qu\u00e9 est\u00e1 dentro del sistema que se est\u00e1 modelando.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Actores<\/strong> \u2014 usuarios externos, organizaciones, dispositivos o sistemas que interact\u00faan con \u00e9l.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Casos de uso<\/strong> \u2014 objetivos o servicios que proporciona el sistema.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Asociaciones<\/strong> \u2014 enlaces de comunicaci\u00f3n entre actores y casos de uso.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Relaciones entre casos de uso<\/strong> \u2014 como <code data-backticks=\"1\">&lt;&lt;incluir&gt;&gt;<\/code> y <code data-backticks=\"1\">&lt;&lt;extender&gt;&gt;<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Generalizaci\u00f3n<\/strong> \u2014 herencia entre actores o casos de uso.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Un diagrama de casos de uso normalmente no muestra:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Pasos del algoritmo<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Tablas de base de datos<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Clases de programa<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Flujos de trabajo internos<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Dise\u00f1os detallados de la interfaz de usuario<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Secuencias de mensajes a lo largo del tiempo<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Esos detalles se representan mejor con diagramas de actividad, clase, secuencia o estado.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Conceptos clave<\/h2>\n<h3>L\u00edmite del sistema<\/h3>\n<p>El l\u00edmite del sistema es un rect\u00e1ngulo que rodea los casos de uso que pertenecen al sistema.<\/p>\n<p>Por ejemplo, en un sistema de compras en l\u00ednea:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">+--------------------------------------+\r\n|        Sistema de Compras en L\u00ednea   |\r\n|                                      |\r\n|  (Explorar Productos)                |\r\n|  (Realizar Pedido)                   |\r\n|  (Realizar Pago)                     |\r\n+--------------------------------------+\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Los actores permanecen fuera del l\u00edmite porque son externos al sistema.<\/p>\n<p>El l\u00edmite ayuda a aclarar el <strong>alcance<\/strong> del sistema. Si una capacidad est\u00e1 fuera del l\u00edmite, no es implementada por el sistema que se est\u00e1 modelando.<\/p>\n<h3>Actores<\/h3>\n<p>Un <strong>actor<\/strong> es cualquier cosa externa que interact\u00faa con el sistema para lograr un objetivo.<\/p>\n<p>Los actores pueden incluir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Usuarios humanos<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Aplicaciones externas<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Dispositivos de hardware<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Otras organizaciones<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Tiempo o eventos programados, cuando se modelan como disparadores externos<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ejemplos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Cliente<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Bibliotecario<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Pasarela de pago<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Administrador<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Servicio de correo electr\u00f3nico<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Un actor representa un <strong>rol<\/strong>, no necesariamente una persona espec\u00edfica. Por ejemplo, \u00abCliente\u00bb suele ser mejor que \u00abAlex\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Los actores pueden ser:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Actores principales<\/strong>\u2014 inician interacciones para lograr un objetivo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Actores de soporte<\/strong>\u2014 proporcionan servicios al sistema.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Por ejemplo, un cliente puede iniciar \u00abRealizar Pedido\u00bb, mientras que una pasarela de pago da soporte a \u00abProcesar Pago\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>Casos de uso<\/h3>\n<p>Un <strong>caso de uso<\/strong>representa un objetivo significativo o un servicio proporcionado por el sistema.<\/p>\n<p>Los nombres adecuados de los casos de uso suelen seguir esta forma:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Verbo + objeto\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ejemplos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Registrar cuenta<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Buscar en el cat\u00e1logo<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Presentar solicitud<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Generar informe<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Cancelar reserva<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Procesar pago<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Un caso de uso debe describir un resultado observable, en lugar de un paso de implementaci\u00f3n interna.<\/p>\n<p>Preferir:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Realizar pedido\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>en lugar de:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Validar objeto de pedido\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>El segundo describe una operaci\u00f3n interna en lugar de un objetivo del usuario.<\/p>\n<h3>Asociaciones<\/h3>\n<p>Una asociaci\u00f3n es un enlace de comunicaci\u00f3n entre un actor y un caso de uso.<\/p>\n<p>Indica que el actor participa o inicia el caso de uso.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Cliente ---- (Realizar pedido)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Las asociaciones normalmente no indican secuencia, flujo de control o direcci\u00f3n. Si el orden de las interacciones es importante, utilice un diagrama de secuencia o de actividad.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Relaciones entre casos de uso<\/h2>\n<h3><code data-backticks=\"1\">&lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;<\/code><\/h3>\n<p>Utilice <code data-backticks=\"1\">&lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;<\/code> cuando un caso de uso <strong>siempre utiliza<\/strong> otro caso de uso.<\/p>\n<p>Por ejemplo, realizar un pedido puede requerir siempre autenticaci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">(Realizar Pedido) ..&gt; (Autenticar Cliente) : &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>El caso de uso base depende del caso de uso incluido.<\/p>\n<p>Utilice <code data-backticks=\"1\">include<\/code> cuando:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>El comportamiento es obligatorio.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>El comportamiento es reutilizado por m\u00faltiples casos de uso.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Extraer el comportamiento mejora la claridad.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ejemplo:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">(Retirar Efectivo) ..&gt; (Autenticar Tarjeta) : &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;\r\n(Consultar Saldo) ..&gt; (Autenticar Tarjeta) : &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ambos casos de uso siempre requieren autenticaci\u00f3n de tarjeta.<\/p>\n<h3><code data-backticks=\"1\">&lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;<\/code><\/h3>\n<p>Utilice <code data-backticks=\"1\">&lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;<\/code> cuando un comportamiento adicional es opcional o se inserta condicionalmente en un caso de uso base.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">(Aplicar Descuento) ..&gt; (Realizar Pedido) : &lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>El comportamiento de descuento ocurre solo cuando se cumplen las condiciones de elegibilidad.<\/p>\n<p>Utilice <code data-backticks=\"1\">extend<\/code> cuando:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>El comportamiento es opcional.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Ocurre solo bajo una condici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>El caso de uso base est\u00e1 completo sin \u00e9l.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ejemplos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cAgregar envoltura de regalo\u201d extiende \u201cRealizar pedido.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cSolicitar reembolso\u201d extiende \u201cCancelar suscripci\u00f3n.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u201cEnviar correo promocional\u201d extiende \u201cCompletar registro.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La flecha apunta desde el caso de uso extendido hacia el caso de uso base.<\/p>\n<h3>Generalizaci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n<p>La generalizaci\u00f3n representa una relaci\u00f3n de \u201ces-un\u201d entre actores o casos de uso.<\/p>\n<p>Por ejemplo:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Cliente Premium --|&gt; Cliente\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Un cliente premium es un tipo de cliente y hereda las interacciones del cliente.<\/p>\n<p>La generalizaci\u00f3n de actores puede ser \u00fatil cuando varios actores comparten comportamiento com\u00fan:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Administrador --|&gt; Empleado\r\nBibliotecario --|&gt; Empleado\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Use la generalizaci\u00f3n con moderaci\u00f3n. Si la relaci\u00f3n es simplemente \u201cusa\u201d o \u201cparticipa en\u201d, una asociaci\u00f3n suele ser m\u00e1s apropiada.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Actores principales y de apoyo<\/h2>\n<p>Considere un escenario de pago en l\u00ednea:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>El <strong>Cliente<\/strong> es el actor principal porque inicia la compra.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>El <strong>Pasarela de pago<\/strong> es un actor de apoyo porque procesa el pago a solicitud del sistema.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Un modelo simple podr\u00eda verse as\u00ed:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Cliente ---- (Realizar pedido)\r\n(Realizar pedido) ---- Pasarela de pago\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>La distinci\u00f3n es \u00fatil porque aclara qui\u00e9n se beneficia del caso de uso y qu\u00e9 sistemas externos est\u00e1n involucrados.<\/p>\n<h2>5. C\u00f3mo identificar casos de uso<\/h2>\n<p>Una forma pr\u00e1ctica de descubrir casos de uso es preguntar:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u00bfQui\u00e9n usa el sistema?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 objetivo quiere lograr cada actor?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 servicios proporciona el sistema?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 eventos desencadenan el comportamiento del sistema?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u00bfCon qu\u00e9 sistemas externos debe interactuar el sistema?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 comportamiento es siempre requerido?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 comportamiento es opcional o condicional?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Para cada actor, liste sus objetivos:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Actor<\/th>\n<th>Objetivo<\/th>\n<th>Caso de uso posible<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Cliente<\/td>\n<td>Buscar un producto<\/td>\n<td>Buscar productos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cliente<\/td>\n<td>Comprar un producto<\/td>\n<td>Realizar un pedido<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cliente<\/td>\n<td>Pagar un pedido<\/td>\n<td>Realizar un pago<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Administrador<\/td>\n<td>Mantener los datos del producto<\/td>\n<td>Gestionar el cat\u00e1logo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pasarela de pago<\/td>\n<td>Autorizar el pago<\/td>\n<td>Procesar el pago<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>El objetivo debe ser significativo para el actor. Evite convertir cada peque\u00f1a operaci\u00f3n del sistema en un caso de uso.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Directrices de nomenclatura<\/h2>\n<p>Utilice nombres claros y orientados a objetivos.<\/p>\n<p>Buenos ejemplos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Crear cuenta<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Actualizar perfil<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Presentar Reclamaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Rastrear Env\u00edo<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Aprobar Solicitud<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Generar Factura<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Evitar nombres vagos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Procesamiento del Sistema<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Gestionar Datos<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Funci\u00f3n de Usuario<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Ejecutar Operaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Evitar detalles t\u00e9cnicos excesivos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Ejecutar Consulta SQL<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Llamar a un Punto de Extremo REST<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Instanciar PaymentService<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Estos pueden ser pasos de implementaci\u00f3n v\u00e1lidos, pero generalmente no son \u00fatiles como casos de uso de alto nivel.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Ejemplo: Sistema de Gesti\u00f3n de Biblioteca<\/h2>\n<p>Supongamos que un sistema de biblioteca soporta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Miembros buscando libros<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Miembros prestando libros<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Miembros devolviendo libros<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Bibliotecarios gestionando el cat\u00e1logo<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Notificaciones de vencimiento<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Procesamiento de pagos por multas<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Actores posibles:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Miembro<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Bibliotecario<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Servicio de Notificaciones<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Servicio de Pagos<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Casos de uso posibles:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Buscar en el Cat\u00e1logo<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Pedir Libro<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Devolver libro<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Calcular multa<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Pagar multa<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Gestionar cat\u00e1logo<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Enviar notificaci\u00f3n de vencimiento<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Relaciones:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Pedir libro incluye Verificar membres\u00eda.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Pedir libro incluye Verificar disponibilidad del libro.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Devolver libro incluye Calcular multa.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Pagar multa interact\u00faa con el Servicio de Pagos.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Enviar notificaci\u00f3n de vencimiento interact\u00faa con el Servicio de Notificaciones.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Ejemplo de PlantUML<\/h2>\n<p>El siguiente c\u00f3digo de PlantUML crea un diagrama de casos de uso para el sistema de biblioteca:<\/p>\n<p id=\"RfeBjon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-21254\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"876\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1915px) 100vw, 1915px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3199e848b.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3199e848b.png 1915w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3199e848b-300x137.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3199e848b-1024x468.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3199e848b-768x351.png 768w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba3199e848b-1536x703.png 1536w\" width=\"1915\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:TPHDJiCm48NtaNA7KVRj0L1LbHQnee2ekaPJTvfQTMpaJ0eHukxOSHp5AMoYvCqtFtvZPLKpMcugbMUAJWnimChop72KbWHBe_CiprYo8dYI1uksXIrgBAaYpR1hQwOAPh2l2JRe7WyIIukLpqB1niAMgWFP-1LgIDHHA9uDovCKw7l1ZknL2Ye0QnW71leLsz1u1FQQR-bdHbswOOj_fotWswC0JKt2Zrpi2Aquk_aPbIcxcllDUr0JS6siDP-mDkOIgI0br1jnOtL21IcXDcSIbzwT-Ym_8jhfqRGRtXU5-ojAXGUf9BT9sZYG9gCIZK8cU9IQXfoeUZ7XdQK9wRvlc63irBMWzkB4PNs4bolPOqF9ScDgfxcvV_nwWWCmcot7kqZLw7sgHgzJTJX1dWrtCCOcCz_4Ov-RG6oLP_5UJhibjxiFndFcsL0RvlFbPFbm1uk5r48rHrek_sF76_yZex-ACMEyxodTyM6qoFVP7gGlTkiBtCgzkJ_6Bm00\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:XPHBJiCm48RtaNA7KVRb0AYAAbh4gWW9bIrodI6CvDXWEn42SHWEm8eZz6BOQPp4QGexU-Rxn_DALiOoRUjAf4b16Zcdmu-40e7UNsj2NJ1WxkeyponDqiGUlcqj5DoJiLXv5zoWiK5rHNj1oY9di80DiLAp8xHcHXb_s1dbup1kbOOjORNNAbm7jQRUcDsZReYJykfRPUc9E7DNYIO3hYerCheiPcLth5I1zcUVWIl97hvawQl9_YqdWmyl0gYDknc4xAesBa_Wp4KHgbHT-DtwyUY9u3jqtGL1hjY1QuqHji56YGPFo62Fu0VKRTaQAjz5D8TlDaXwxxPtdb4NP5wKf3q9AbZXoXRJvtjs4w5Hl3KJl1O-cLhOKHx1llNck2UiFCLRuodR3aN9-NxtpdNmHTfhsP0Jol6M-E4sA3bLXDAEOeLTSgt-z0FlDXGMYtmysecvc-J4EanjYe-AJ9DewmCoLzCis3qzwniII1E_zdFlHnzF04PTI9Fm25nSv6Ss2ovXkIJ9HLrWdlyXYHTeHjP_0PqoMfyftohwN8Ea3-5fVBCeYoEySYVtf_i5\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">@startuml\r\ndirecci\u00f3n de izquierda a derecha\r\n\r\nt\u00edtulo Sistema de Gesti\u00f3n de Biblioteca - Diagrama de Casos de Uso\r\n\r\nactor Miembro\r\nactor Bibliotecario\r\nactor \"Servicio de Notificaciones\" como Notificaci\u00f3n\r\nactor \"Servicio de Pagos\" como Pago\r\n\r\nrect\u00e1ngulo \"Sistema de Gesti\u00f3n de Biblioteca\" {\r\n\r\n  usecase \"Buscar cat\u00e1logo\" como UC_Buscar\r\n  usecase \"Pedir libro\" como UC_Pedir\r\n  usecase \"Devolver libro\" como UC_Devolver\r\n  usecase \"Verificar membres\u00eda\" como UC_VerificarMembres\u00eda\r\n  usecase \"Verificar disponibilidad del libro\" como UC_VerificarDisponibilidad\r\n  usecase \"Calcular multa\" como UC_CalcularMulta\r\n  usecase \"Pagar multa\" como UC_PagarMulta\r\n  usecase \"Gestionar cat\u00e1logo\" como UC_GestionarCat\u00e1logo\r\n  usecase \"Enviar notificaci\u00f3n de vencimiento\" como UC_Notificar\r\n}\r\n\r\nMiembro --&gt; UC_Buscar\r\nMiembro --&gt; UC_Pedir\r\nMiembro --&gt; UC_Devolver\r\nMiembro --&gt; UC_PagarMulta\r\n\r\nBibliotecario --&gt; UC_GestionarCat\u00e1logo\r\nBibliotecario --&gt; UC_Pedir\r\nBibliotecario --&gt; UC_Devolver\r\n\r\nPago --&gt; UC_PagarMulta\r\nNotificaci\u00f3n --&gt; UC_Notificar\r\n\r\nUC_Pedir ..&gt; UC_VerificarMembres\u00eda : &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;\r\nUC_Pedir ..&gt; UC_VerificarDisponibilidad : &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;\r\nUC_Devolver ..&gt; UC_CalcularMulta : &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;\r\n\r\nUC_Notificar ..&gt; UC_Devolver : &lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;\r\n\r\n@enduml\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:XPHBJiCm48RtaNA7KVRb0AYAAbh4gWW9bIrodI6CvDXWEn42SHWEm8eZz6BOQPp4QGexU-Rxn_DALiOoRUjAf4b16Zcdmu-40e7UNsj2NJ1WxkeyponDqiGUlcqj5DoJiLXv5zoWiK5rHNj1oY9di80DiLAp8xHcHXb_s1dbup1kbOOjORNNAbm7jQRUcDsZReYJykfRPUc9E7DNYIO3hYerCheiPcLth5I1zcUVWIl97hvawQl9_YqdWmyl0gYDknc4xAesBa_Wp4KHgbHT-DtwyUY9u3jqtGL1hjY1QuqHji56YGPFo62Fu0VKRTaQAjz5D8TlDaXwxxPtdb4NP5wKf3q9AbZXoXRJvtjs4w5Hl3KJl1O-cLhOKHx1llNck2UiFCLRuodR3aN9-NxtpdNmHTfhsP0Jol6M-E4sA3bLXDAEOeLTSgt-z0FlDXGMYtmysecvc-J4EanjYe-AJ9DewmCoLzCis3qzwniII1E_zdFlHnzF04PTI9Fm25nSv6Ss2ovXkIJ9HLrWdlyXYHTeHjP_0PqoMfyftohwN8Ea3-5fVBCeYoEySYVtf_i5\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:TPHDJiCm48NtaNA7KVRj0L1LbHQnee2ekaPJTvfQTMpaJ0eHukxOSHp5AMoYvCqtFtvZPLKpMcugbMUAJWnimChop72KbWHBe_CiprYo8dYI1uksXIrgBAaYpR1hQwOAPh2l2JRe7WyIIukLpqB1niAMgWFP-1LgIDHHA9uDovCKw7l1ZknL2Ye0QnW71leLsz1u1FQQR-bdHbswOOj_fotWswC0JKt2Zrpi2Aquk_aPbIcxcllDUr0JS6siDP-mDkOIgI0br1jnOtL21IcXDcSIbzwT-Ym_8jhfqRGRtXU5-ojAXGUf9BT9sZYG9gCIZK8cU9IQXfoeUZ7XdQK9wRvlc63irBMWzkB4PNs4bolPOqF9ScDgfxcvV_nwWWCmcot7kqZLw7sgHgzJTJX1dWrtCCOcCz_4Ov-RG6oLP_5UJhibjxiFndFcsL0RvlFbPFbm1uk5r48rHrek_sF76_yZex-ACMEyxodTyM6qoFVP7gGlTkiBtCgzkJ_6Bm00\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"DpPCXKV\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-21255\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"660\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1016px) 100vw, 1016px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba31a4bda45.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba31a4bda45.png 1016w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba31a4bda45-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba31a4bda45-768x499.png 768w\" width=\"1016\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>9. Explicaci\u00f3n del ejemplo<\/h2>\n<h3>Actores<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IqmkoIzIy4tDJKejukLA1FDyCfEA4eio4_DW0af--IMPQPd9YIMP-NaAmQb5PPd9gKeAYSKAo19mrG69bRcfUIKe2g5Y0000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IqmkoIzIyCrCpKqgokVbIWHpdJAJSZBpIrAJ4uiouO9AmQb5PPd9cVaAAQaAVlabcMcPoOb0RbvgiP92SdvkFfBWuSrvMBK59ARdmrI3s000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">actor Miembro\r\nactor Bibliotecario\r\nactor \"Servicio de Notificaciones\" como Notificaci\u00f3n\r\nactor \"Servicio de Pagos\" como Pago\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IqmkoIzIyCrCpKqgokVbIWHpdJAJSZBpIrAJ4uiouO9AmQb5PPd9cVaAAQaAVlabcMcPoOb0RbvgiP92SdvkFfBWuSrvMBK59ARdmrI3s000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IqmkoIzIy4tDJKejukLA1FDyCfEA4eio4_DW0af--IMPQPd9YIMP-NaAmQb5PPd9gKeAYSKAo19mrG69bRcfUIKe2g5Y0000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>El diagrama modela dos actores humanos y dos servicios externos.<\/p>\n<p>Alias como <code data-backticks=\"1\">como Notificaci\u00f3n<\/code> hacen que los nombres largos sean m\u00e1s f\u00e1ciles de referenciar m\u00e1s adelante.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00edmite del sistema<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AqfDBadCIyz9LL3ooKmgIYogLF1Dp4jCJyrDpIjH2AuiBadDLLAevkLI008zFJrUhbe0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AqfDBZcyC2-zD2TVGIauixWaDJTH8ILLmJsrk2JpyEOy4DifCoadCxyaDJbHIQ6Qbqi12FJqz7YvQW40\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">rect\u00e1ngulo \"Sistema de Gesti\u00f3n de Biblioteca\" {\r\n    ...\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AqfDBZcyC2-zD2TVGIauixWaDJTH8ILLmJsrk2JpyEOy4DifCoadCxyaDJbHIQ6Qbqi12FJqz7YvQW40\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AqfDBadCIyz9LL3ooKmgIYogLF1Dp4jCJyrDpIjH2AuiBadDLLAevkLI008zFJrUhbe0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>El rect\u00e1ngulo define el alcance del sistema. Los casos de uso dentro del rect\u00e1ngulo son proporcionados por el sistema de biblioteca.<\/p>\n<h3>Asociaciones de Actores<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:yqtDJKejKj3LjLC8TOuFJaqiIixWvV954NNABohABmS0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:yyrCpKqgobVGrRLJ27METpgygxYmD3KbaPVB5rKce2Yrk2In2000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">Miembro --&gt; UC_B\u00fasqueda\r\nMiembro --&gt; UC_Prestar\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:yyrCpKqgobVGrRLJ27METpgygxYmD3KbaPVB5rKce2Yrk2In2000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:yqtDJKejKj3LjLC8TOuFJaqiIixWvV954NNABohABmS0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Estas asociaciones muestran que un miembro puede buscar en el cat\u00e1logo y prestar libros.<\/p>\n<p>La direcci\u00f3n de la flecha no suele ser sem\u00e1nticamente importante en un diagrama de casos de uso b\u00e1sico. Se utiliza principalmente para hacer que el diagrama sea legible.<\/p>\n<h3>Relaciones de Inclusi\u00f3n<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2tMETyelAielLz3JirC8TOvtpaXDplPDpKrABLAmKh2noSnBpYbDIRMpu-KAnQhMiImnCoSnAJCdiwGILGS0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2tME3oXABIv9B5BGqxDJ27METyxFBIZAJqeiyirCpKqgobUmKh2noSnBpYbDIRMpu-KAnQt39REu83ylCoap9pCbCGLL8m00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">UC_Prestar ..&gt; UC_ComprobarMiembro : &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;\r\nUC_Prestar ..&gt; UC_ComprobarDisponibilidad : &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2tME3oXABIv9B5BGqxDJ27METyxFBIZAJqeiyirCpKqgobUmKh2noSnBpYbDIRMpu-KAnQt39REu83ylCoap9pCbCGLL8m00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2tMETyelAielLz3JirC8TOvtpaXDplPDpKrABLAmKh2noSnBpYbDIRMpu-KAnQhMiImnCoSnAJCdiwGILGS0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Prestar un libro siempre requiere comprobaciones de membres\u00eda y disponibilidad, por lo que estos se modelan como casos de uso incluidos.<\/p>\n<h3>Relaci\u00f3n de Extensi\u00f3n<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2tMEzyiloKohLD3JirC8TOuFIYqfBSfJi5AmiKcjA4dDIx6p0m00\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2tMEzyiloKpBJ4uiKj3JirC8TOuFIYt9Bye3ygqKR6nIAqfIyrBix000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">UC_Notificar ..&gt; UC_Retornar : &lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2tMEzyiloKpBJ4uiKj3JirC8TOuFIYt9Bye3ygqKR6nIAqfIyrBix000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2tMEzyiloKohLD3JirC8TOuFIYqfBSfJi5AmiKcjA4dDIx6p0m00\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Esto indica que el comportamiento de notificaci\u00f3n de vencimiento es un comportamiento adicional asociado con la devoluci\u00f3n de un libro.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, en un modelo de requisitos real, un dise\u00f1o m\u00e1s natural podr\u00eda ser asociar \u201cEnviar Notificaci\u00f3n de Vencimiento\u201d con un proceso programado o un actor como \u201cProgramador de Biblioteca\u201d. La mejor relaci\u00f3n depende de las reglas de negocio reales.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Especificaci\u00f3n de Caso de Uso M\u00e1s Detallada<\/h2>\n<p>Un diagrama ofrece una visi\u00f3n general, pero cada caso de uso importante deber\u00eda tener usualmente una especificaci\u00f3n textual.<\/p>\n<h3>Caso de Uso: Prestar Libro<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Campo<\/th>\n<th>Descripci\u00f3n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Nombre<\/td>\n<td>Prestar Libro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Actor principal<\/td>\n<td>Miembro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Actor secundario<\/td>\n<td>Bibliotecario<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Objetivo<\/td>\n<td>Pedir prestado un libro disponible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Precondiciones<\/td>\n<td>El miembro est\u00e1 registrado; el libro existe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Disparador<\/td>\n<td>El miembro solicita pedir prestado un libro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flujo principal<\/td>\n<td>El sistema verifica la membres\u00eda, comprueba la disponibilidad, registra el pr\u00e9stamo y actualiza el estado del libro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flujo alternativo<\/td>\n<td>El libro no est\u00e1 disponible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flujo alternativo<\/td>\n<td>La membres\u00eda ha caducado<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Poscondiciones<\/td>\n<td>El pr\u00e9stamo se registra y el libro se marca como prestado<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Un diagrama de casos de uso no debe intentar contener todos estos detalles. El diagrama proporciona el mapa; la especificaci\u00f3n proporciona el comportamiento.<\/p>\n<h2>11. Referencia de sintaxis de PlantUML<\/h2>\n<h3>Declaraci\u00f3n de actores<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IqmkoIzIS2ujBidFJItYvKe4yvK24YjpK_DA5DmJIrBB4okL51ABOMm0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IqmkoIzISCx9JCqhIUNbIWHpbG8IYnEBKdCI5L9I5GeIq_EL59BpS_CLt1DBKiiJAm40\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">actor Cliente\r\nactor \"Pasarela de pago\" como Gateway\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IqmkoIzISCx9JCqhIUNbIWHpbG8IYnEBKdCI5L9I5GeIq_EL59BpS_CLt1DBKiiJAm40\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IqmkoIzIS2ujBidFJItYvKe4yvK24YjpK_DA5DmJIrBB4okL51ABOMm0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Declaraci\u00f3n de casos de uso<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AorEJKuiJbLG2iX9J4vLy2zAIIrIKaWiLW3pmLnUhbAuegByvDHYe6HYPMvgNWb48KGCAWG0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AorEJKuiJbLG2afDpCciIYnIA4XDoKp9Lr98pi_DLmZ8IKnEzIzAIItYvIg5AGqeoazEBGOfJKo7AmIB5GSaLkQcvfK00000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">usecase \"Realizar pedido\" como PlaceOrder\r\nusecase \"Procesar pago\" como ProcessPayment\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AorEJKuiJbLG2afDpCciIYnIA4XDoKp9Lr98pi_DLmZ8IKnEzIzAIItYvIg5AGqeoazEBGOfJKo7AmIB5GSaLkQcvfK00000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AorEJKuiJbLG2iX9J4vLy2zAIIrIKaWiLW3pmLnUhbAuegByvDHYe6HYPMvgNWb48KGCAWG0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Crear un l\u00edmite del sistema<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AqfDBadCIyz9LL3opyl9p4jL22x9BqfLKgZcvL80WjBYrEJ4Og2iKr5-EP0EACfFAKqkALPII2nMW8YXAGp8IKnELV0lIaaj0Yi2itYvQW40\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:ROlH2O0m44F_1NS87KX4NE3e7LAeFMcj7uh3E81Jk9XL_3GGGaXU53jVHnYoLvZUIM221FZh3486MrsXo59Ii22NC0qjCb34fCLHETjPau7LKV5jFrGdvDtwOCAEzVktRwch_GO0\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">rect\u00e1ngulo \"Tienda en l\u00ednea\" {\r\n    caso de uso \"Navegar por productos\" como Navegar\r\n    caso de uso \"Realizar pedido\" como Pedido\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:ROlH2O0m44F_1NS87KX4NE3e7LAeFMcj7uh3E81Jk9XL_3GGGaXU53jVHnYoLvZUIM221FZh3486MrsXo59Ii22NC0qjCb34fCLHETjPau7LKV5jFrGdvDtwOCAEzVktRwch_GO0\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AqfDBadCIyz9LL3opyl9p4jL22x9BqfLKgZcvL80WjBYrEJ4Og2iKr5-EP0EACfFAKqkALPII2nMW8YXAGp8IKnELV0lIaaj0Yi2itYvQW40\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Conectar actores y casos de uso<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:SoujBidFJIrIqDMrKt0goYylJkNbSaOMz2zAIIq20000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:Syx9JCqhILNGrRLJy4iiIqrFBEBbSaOI34XDoKp91m00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">Cliente --&gt; Navegar\r\nCliente --&gt; Pedido\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:Syx9JCqhILNGrRLJy4iiIqrFBEBbSaOI34XDoKp91m00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:SoujBidFJIrIqDMrKt0goYylJkNbSaOMz2zAIIq20000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Incluir<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:yozAIIrIqDEpKmWeoazEBIuEIApCJSqhKR1IiB79p4lEAKr9jRC30000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2qXDoKp9Lz3JirC8ACfFJYrEB0f8JCzNi5AmiSdCIyufpIooimC0\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">Pedido ..&gt; ProcesarPago : &lt;&lt;incluir&gt;&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2qXDoKp9Lz3JirC8ACfFJYrEB0f8JCzNi5AmiSdCIyufpIooimC0\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:yozAIIrIqDEpKmWeoazEBIuEIApCJSqhKR1IiB79p4lEAKr9jRC30000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Extender<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:SomeoAbqpYyjoCzJqDEpK_0lIaajKh1IiB59hIX9pKknimC0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:Sop8oKnEB78kBJYyEKz1JyzE8I0r9JCbNy5AmSOcjQ8aDIybjSZE3W00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">AplicarCup\u00f3n ..&gt; Pedido : &lt;&lt;extender&gt;&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:Sop8oKnEB78kBJYyEKz1JyzE8I0r9JCbNy5AmSOcjQ8aDIybjSZE3W00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:SomeoAbqpYyjoCzJqDEpK_0lIaajKh1IiB59hIX9pKknimC0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Generalizaci\u00f3n de actores<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2oXApSqipNKkBIx9pqqjKj3LhR5JWF40\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:Syx9JCqhIGqeIitDBCrLqDMjiLDmXeW10000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">ClientePremium --|&gt; Cliente\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:Syx9JCqhIGqeIitDBCrLqDMjiLDmXeW10000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2oXApSqipNKkBIx9pqqjKj3LhR5JWF40\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Agrupaci\u00f3n por paquetes<\/h3>\n<p>Los paquetes pueden agrupar visualmente casos de uso relacionados:<\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:POx12eCm44JlWlym-2Urq5jfeVs19Tq6CQwIJGuY_djZIC7Qq-xCFcRMimaarZ6QbgJlnE8nQ-2XmL9Nm4Ic9vkk9sF6A05NagG7bb0882eRqiJS9XOKi04fDgFe0tfsOnfxDZixUAshdmVkD6-j-b_xz2JwPezBb9VciA-LdGEUWj1spcKmYMqlXUi7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:ROxD3S8m38NldSBA9b2fN95W0PEQAXADmN5EgCDq1aReOZH9-H7bPEdJzvwVaDLfz5syC9Y32qezmXQzHN5iu5u1NF4MIGdCZeAwwU6X9QWZUSLG302BWHEEyp6RapXP30EMUuQC2bdxDOdWJw2mTsAeleViiUF_hu-2Ffmf_M_OjydATHzUy3evTyuR6hGQvJKYimNb4SCJ\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">rect\u00e1ngulo \"Sistema Bancario\" {\n  paquete \"Gesti\u00f3n de Cuentas\" {\n    caso de uso \"Abrir Cuenta\" como AbrirCuenta\n    caso de uso \"Cerrar Cuenta\" como CerrarCuenta\n  }\n\n  paquete \"Pagos\" {\n    caso de uso \"Transferir Fondos\" como TransferirFondos\n    caso de uso \"Pagar Factura\" como PagarFactura\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:ROxD3S8m38NldSBA9b2fN95W0PEQAXADmN5EgCDq1aReOZH9-H7bPEdJzvwVaDLfz5syC9Y32qezmXQzHN5iu5u1NF4MIGdCZeAwwU6X9QWZUSLG302BWHEEyp6RapXP30EMUuQC2bdxDOdWJw2mTsAeleViiUF_hu-2Ffmf_M_OjydATHzUy3evTyuR6hGQvJKYimNb4SCJ\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:POx12eCm44JlWlym-2Urq5jfeVs19Tq6CQwIJGuY_djZIC7Qq-xCFcRMimaarZ6QbgJlnE8nQ-2XmL9Nm4Ic9vkk9sF6A05NagG7bb0882eRqiJS9XOKi04fDgFe0tfsOnfxDZixUAshdmVkD6-j-b_xz2JwPezBb9VciA-LdGEUWj1spcKmYMqlXUi7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Notas<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:5OpB3O0m3CNkbTZXJS0gS621Vbvf9PgW4FQdt7omBUg4zRCvj6A_OkPcXRO4u6X4VX_NGSEOW4J4rnl5UuxEybk9LOsuPzhbH1JeFrYNG2cG-Vy0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:5Ot12SGm40F_WVIW2j95tfSMTBQEB2phmt4-gJxhbs0qGj46GJXHrLNEcJYSHP-UP5s0tL7S54FPVGLTWnsyHo8hh6rApFgQsowwFIdSWR-grRQjoyy2aKyl\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">nota a la derecha de PlaceOrder\r\n  El cliente debe estar autenticado\r\n  antes de realizar un pedido.\r\nfin nota\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:5Ot12SGm40F_WVIW2j95tfSMTBQEB2phmt4-gJxhbs0qGj46GJXHrLNEcJYSHP-UP5s0tL7S54FPVGLTWnsyHo8hh6rApFgQsowwFIdSWR-grRQjoyy2aKyl\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:5OpB3O0m3CNkbTZXJS0gS621Vbvf9PgW4FQdt7omBUg4zRCvj6A_OkPcXRO4u6X4VX_NGSEOW4J4rnl5UuxEybk9LOsuPzhbH1JeFrYNG2cG-Vy0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>12. Mejora del dise\u00f1o del diagrama<\/h2>\n<p>PlantUML organiza autom\u00e1ticamente los diagramas, pero varias t\u00e9cnicas mejoran la legibilidad.<\/p>\n<h3>Controlar la direcci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:oqbDAr4eoLSeoapFA558oInAJIx9pCy30000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IyaiIarEpZoyEKyX9LKXiwgmD3ErA2LH8H781Sfa9080\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">direcci\u00f3n de izquierda a derecha\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IyaiIarEpZoyEKyX9LKXiwgmD3ErA2LH8H781Sfa9080\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:oqbDAr4eoLSeoapFA558oInAJIx9pCy30000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Esto es \u00fatil cuando los actores deben aparecer en los lados y los casos de uso en el centro.<\/p>\n<p>Otras direcciones comunes incluyen:<\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AyalK2Z9LqZABod9prL8oInAJIx9pCy30000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IyaiIarEpZoyEKyX9LKXiQWeCobH0GYJ4hFo0G00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">direcci\u00f3n de arriba a abajo\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:IyaiIarEpZoyEKyX9LKXiQWeCobH0GYJ4hFo0G00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AyalK2Z9LqZABod9prL8oInAJIx9pCy30000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Usar alias<\/h3>\n<p>En lugar de repetir nombres largos:<\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AorEJKuiJbLG2aijoaohL70kBIx9pqqjKl1CISqhoIofL598B5Q0ICA40000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AorEJKuiJbLG2aijoapBJ4uiKiXCISqhoKn9J558ISrHICx9179JbHIIytFp5S2gAZt1Aaeg0G00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">usecase \"Verificar identidad del cliente\" como VerifyIdentity\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AorEJKuiJbLG2aijoapBJ4uiKiXCISqhoKn9J558ISrHICx9179JbHIIytFp5S2gAZt1Aaeg0G00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AorEJKuiJbLG2aijoaohL70kBIx9pqqjKl1CISqhoIofL598B5Q0ICA40000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Luego referenciar:<\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2qfDpomkIIroJ4xEByqhKT3JirC8IotAJAlqJ4dDAyaigLImKh2noSnBpYbDIRMp0m00\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2qfDpomkIIroJ4xEByqhKT3JirC8IotAJAlqJ4dDAyaigLImKh2noSnBpYbDIRMp0m00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">RegisterAccount ..&gt; VerifyIdentity : &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2qfDpomkIIroJ4xEByqhKT3JirC8IotAJAlqJ4dDAyaigLImKh2noSnBpYbDIRMp0m00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:2qfDpomkIIroJ4xEByqhKT3JirC8IotAJAlqJ4dDAyaigLImKh2noSnBpYbDIRMp0m00\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Agrupar Casos de Uso Relacionados<\/h3>\n<p>Use paquetes o rect\u00e1ngulos anidados para separar \u00e1reas funcionales:<\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AqXCpavCJrLGyYzAIIrIy4tC0_9oK_DAb1IgURaKWA2qE3KviHYemhaeDR4aLG6iK4aXiLW18W3ceojDp4jEpK5M2XQ0Agq50000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AqXCpavCJrLGSayjBiayl3bF8ILL8I0r9JCblrX9ePgNIm48IejJanEBWOgSYr8JYw3IIWg9nGeWWP9K_wAKr29qfObvoQavQAh1Ob3LjG00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">package \"Gesti\u00f3n de Pedidos\" {\r\n    usecase \"Crear Pedido\" as CreateOrder\r\n    usecase \"Cancelar Pedido\" as CancelOrder\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AqXCpavCJrLGSayjBiayl3bF8ILL8I0r9JCblrX9ePgNIm48IejJanEBWOgSYr8JYw3IIWg9nGeWWP9K_wAKr29qfObvoQavQAh1Ob3LjG00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:AqXCpavCJrLGyYzAIIrIy4tC0_9oK_DAb1IgURaKWA2qE3KviHYemhaeDR4aLG6iK4aXiLW18W3ceojDp4jEpK5M2XQ0Agq50000\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Evitar Cruces Excesivos<\/h3>\n<p>Un diagrama se vuelve dif\u00edcil de leer cuando demasiadas l\u00edneas se cruzan. Puedes mejorarlo mediante:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Colocar actores relacionados cerca de sus casos de uso<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Agrupar casos de uso en paquetes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Dividir un diagrama grande en varios diagramas m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Usar alias para referencias claras<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Evitar relaciones innecesarias<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Errores Comunes<\/h2>\n<h3>Modelar Funciones Internas como Casos de Uso<\/h3>\n<p>Esto suele ser demasiado t\u00e9cnico:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Validar Conexi\u00f3n a Base de Datos\r\nSerializar Solicitud\r\nLlamar a la API de Pago\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Prefiera objetivos con significado externo:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Realizar Pago\r\nEnviar Solicitud\r\nGenerar Informe\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Tratar a Cada Actor como una Persona<\/h3>\n<p>Los sistemas y dispositivos externos tambi\u00e9n pueden ser actores:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Pasarela de Pago<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Proveedor de Identidad<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Sistema de Almac\u00e9n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Esc\u00e1ner de C\u00f3digo de Barras<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Servicio de Notificaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Usar <code data-backticks=\"1\">incluye<\/code>para Comportamiento Opcional<\/h3>\n<p>Si el comportamiento es opcional, use <code data-backticks=\"1\">extender<\/code> en lugar de <code data-backticks=\"1\">incluir<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Incorrecto:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Realizar Pedido ..&gt; Aplicar Cup\u00f3n : &lt;&lt;incluir&gt;&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Si aplicar un cup\u00f3n es opcional, use:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Aplicar Cup\u00f3n ..&gt; Realizar Pedido : &lt;&lt;extender&gt;&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Usando <code data-backticks=\"1\">extender<\/code> para Comportamiento Obligatorio<\/h3>\n<p>Si un comportamiento siempre ocurre, generalmente debe modelarse con <code data-backticks=\"1\">incluir<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-text\"><code data-language=\"text\">Realizar Pedido ..&gt; Autenticar Cliente : &lt;&lt;incluir&gt;&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Conectar Casos de Uso Directamente Sin Sentido<\/h3>\n<p>Una l\u00ednea entre dos casos de uso debe representar una relaci\u00f3n UML v\u00e1lida. Evite conexiones arbitrarias que simplemente impliquen que los casos de uso est\u00e1n de alguna manera relacionados.<\/p>\n<h3>Crear Un Solo Diagrama Gigante<\/h3>\n<p>Un diagrama de casos de uso debe comunicar claramente a un nivel alto. Si contiene docenas de actores y casos de uso, cree varios diagramas organizados por subsistema o \u00e1rea de negocio.<\/p>\n<h3>Mostrar Secuencia<\/h3>\n<p>Un diagrama de casos de uso no muestra que un caso de uso ocurra antes que otro. Para la secuencia, use un diagrama de secuencia o un diagrama de actividad.<\/p>\n<h2>14. Cu\u00e1ndo Usar Otros Diagramas UML<\/h2>\n<p>Los diagramas de casos de uso son mejores para el alcance del sistema y los objetivos del usuario. Comb\u00ednelos con otros diagramas cuando se necesite m\u00e1s detalle:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Requisito<\/th>\n<th>Diagrama \u00datil<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Objetivos del usuario y alcance del sistema<\/td>\n<td>Diagrama de casos de uso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flujo de trabajo detallado<\/td>\n<td>Diagrama de actividad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Orden de interacci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td>Diagrama de secuencia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Estructura est\u00e1tica del dominio<\/td>\n<td>Diagrama de clases<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ciclo de vida del objeto<\/td>\n<td>Diagrama de m\u00e1quina de estados<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Arquitectura de implementaci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td>Diagrama de implementaci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Componentes y dependencias<\/td>\n<td>Diagrama de componentes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>15. Proceso de modelado recomendado<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Defina el l\u00edmite del sistema.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Identifique todos los actores externos.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Identifique los objetivos de cada actor.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Convierta esos objetivos en casos de uso.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Conecte los actores a los casos de uso en los que participan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Identifique el comportamiento reutilizable obligatorio y model\u00e9elo con <code data-backticks=\"1\">&lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Identifique el comportamiento opcional o condicional y model\u00e9elo con <code data-backticks=\"1\">&lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Agregue generalizaci\u00f3n solo donde exista una relaci\u00f3n genuina de \u201ces-un\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Revise el diagrama con las partes interesadas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Agregue especificaciones textuales para los casos de uso importantes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Divida el diagrama si se vuelve abigarrado.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>16. PlantUML compacto<\/h2>\n<p>Puede usar esto como punto de partida:<\/p>\n<p id=\"LJHMGto\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-21256\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"873\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1916px) 100vw, 1916px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba31f7464ec.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba31f7464ec.png 1916w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba31f7464ec-300x137.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba31f7464ec-1024x467.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba31f7464ec-768x350.png 768w, https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/img_6aba31f7464ec-1536x700.png 1536w\" width=\"1916\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:PL7DQiCm3BuR_0x2z_O1IWbbtUYf6wpq0KIY9WR7tcnbR9Iz-oolRfVkOikVzFq8Rn9Zv6bqMZawCN20QFk1eREHMhR1QwKLMtO4Xw_4DC8n4Mmn7uyM-uYZ363B8KedrjeyVJ95Z-v2Cu09AlOB2L5CqFTPtLpadt4a0sUj0AP4hHYPFLfVr64Nq1KfWUGnctkbzoddxk0me5mFDE273R4mQhE2C-RBc-oQqyue5RrHlYLqIR9OD7z2p3UxQsfLQrWkctz1O0NhjVMjcpfg6gtkNGlfgY33bDry9xDQRNAL_-y7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Edite PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:VL9BJWCn3Dr7oXsisRS7GDMe4h2b2CG1qiGgHaaypGSX48VX0AmumboCP3uIexQiOlizl-SusSQaGihEIc4eeDRK_tWm2FH-p8J1A50bBSYpaaAAr7-dR1bkI1s2SXK3hIB76kJ8vR0GAIPq0r_fn06UObQ1U4wRnv40-9OmU6v0isEOghTZiNONszH_-KDrRExOxGF-DMZWGmeejbX6G6Xs-nTCzChG1VAQEcK7TXxT9vUPT3zp5XBNx3eEIJb2dxXsT6K_P1W27ZE64aqwI-R3ZFwdnfqczigULTXDe1IVzUhJoc2rQi-DlDpL9POK9qLOhzjBiyCLR3Q5PxF1jfNY_823mgbkxQtlwKrjbM9RelAlVW40\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">@startuml\r\ndirecci\u00f3n de izquierda a derecha\r\n\r\nt\u00edtulo Diagrama de casos de uso del sistema\r\n\r\nactor Usuario\r\nactor \"Sistema externo\" como SistemaExterno\r\n\r\nrect\u00e1ngulo \"Nombre del sistema\" {\r\n  usecase \"Objetivo principal del usuario\" como ObjetivoPrincipal\r\n  usecase \"Comportamiento compartido requerido\" como ComportamientoRequerido\r\n  usecase \"Comportamiento opcional\" como ComportamientoOpcional\r\n}\r\n\r\nUsuario --&gt; ObjetivoPrincipal\r\nSistemaExterno --&gt; ObjetivoPrincipal\r\n\r\nObjetivoPrincipal ..&gt; ComportamientoRequerido : &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;\r\nComportamientoOpcional ..&gt; ObjetivoPrincipal : &lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;\r\n\r\n@enduml\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:VL9BJWCn3Dr7oXsisRS7GDMe4h2b2CG1qiGgHaaypGSX48VX0AmumboCP3uIexQiOlizl-SusSQaGihEIc4eeDRK_tWm2FH-p8J1A50bBSYpaaAAr7-dR1bkI1s2SXK3hIB76kJ8vR0GAIPq0r_fn06UObQ1U4wRnv40-9OmU6v0isEOghTZiNONszH_-KDrRExOxGF-DMZWGmeejbX6G6Xs-nTCzChG1VAQEcK7TXxT9vUPT3zp5XBNx3eEIJb2dxXsT6K_P1W27ZE64aqwI-R3ZFwdnfqczigULTXDe1IVzUhJoc2rQi-DlDpL9POK9qLOhzjBiyCLR3Q5PxF1jfNY_823mgbkxQtlwKrjbM9RelAlVW40\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#plantuml:PL7DQiCm3BuR_0x2z_O1IWbbtUYf6wpq0KIY9WR7tcnbR9Iz-oolRfVkOikVzFq8Rn9Zv6bqMZawCN20QFk1eREHMhR1QwKLMtO4Xw_4DC8n4Mmn7uyM-uYZ363B8KedrjeyVJ95Z-v2Cu09AlOB2L5CqFTPtLpadt4a0sUj0AP4hHYPFLfVr64Nq1KfWUGnctkbzoddxk0me5mFDE273R4mQhE2C-RBc-oQqyue5RrHlYLqIR9OD7z2p3UxQsfLQrWkctz1O0NhjVMjcpfg6gtkNGlfgY33bDry9xDQRNAL_-y7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Editar PlantUML en VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\">El principio central es modelar <strong>objetivos visibles externamente<\/strong>, no detalles de implementaci\u00f3n interna. Un diagrama de casos de uso s\u00f3lido hace que el l\u00edmite del sistema, los actores, las capacidades y las dependencias importantes sean inmediatamente comprensibles.<\/p>\n<h2>Referencia<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sc-46jc02-0 fPzQAv\">\n<div class=\"sc-46jc02-1 gNJhWh\">\n<div id=\"editor\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skills.visual-paradigm.com\/tw\/docs\/dfd-vs-uml-when-to-use-each\/creating-dfd-uml-visual-paradigm-tools\/how-to-create-uml-with-visual-paradigm-desktop-use-case\/\"><strong>C\u00f3mo crear un diagrama de casos de uso UML en Visual Paradigm<\/strong><\/a>: Una gu\u00eda paso a paso que cubre la creaci\u00f3n de actores, l\u00edmites del sistema, asociaciones y relaciones de inclusi\u00f3n\/extensi\u00f3n .<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/ultimate-guide-use-case-diagrams-2026\/\"><strong>Gu\u00eda definitiva de diagramas de casos de uso en 2026<\/strong><\/a>: Gu\u00eda completa que explica la notaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica, las mejores pr\u00e1cticas y los flujos de trabajo de modelado impulsados por IA .<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/bridging-requirements-and-design-a-practical-guide-to-use-case-modeling-with-uml-and-plantuml\/\"><strong>Conectando requisitos y dise\u00f1o: Una gu\u00eda pr\u00e1ctica para el modelado de casos de uso<\/strong><\/a>: Estudio de caso del mundo real que demuestra la implementaci\u00f3n de PlantUML y los conceptos b\u00e1sicos de modelado .<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/tw\/master-ai-driven-use-case-diagrams-a-short-tutorial\/\"><strong>Domina los diagramas de casos de uso impulsados por IA: Un breve tutorial<\/strong><\/a>: Tutorial sobre el uso de la herramienta impulsada por IA para generar y refinar diagramas de casos de uso a partir de descripciones del dominio .<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/de\/docs\/mastering-uml-2-5-a-use-case-driven-approach-to-agile-modeling\/module-2-the-driver-use-case-driven-requirements\/practical-2-hands-on-use-case-modeling\/\"><strong>Pr\u00e1ctica 2: Modelado de casos de uso pr\u00e1ctico<\/strong><\/a>: Ejercicio pr\u00e1ctico para construir un diagrama de Sistema de Gesti\u00f3n de Bibliotecas manualmente y con IA .<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/linkvp.com\/cn\/solution\/usecase\/usecase\/\"><strong>Diagrama de casos de uso hecho f\u00e1cil<\/strong><\/a>: Descripci\u00f3n general de las funciones de diagrama de casos de uso de Visual Paradigm, incluido el editor de flujo de eventos y la generaci\u00f3n de diagramas de actividad .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sc-afr2nh-0 sc-97fke2-1 jmpjbl hkyNvy\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un diagrama de casos de uso es un diagrama de comportamiento UML que muestra c\u00f3mo los usuarios externos o los<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":11393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","category-vpascode"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - 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