{"id":9845,"date":"2025-01-10T16:59:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-10T08:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/cn\/understanding-entity-relationship-diagrams-erds-key-concepts-and-types\/"},"modified":"2026-04-14T11:07:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T11:07:43","slug":"understanding-entity-relationship-diagrams-erds-key-concepts-and-types","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/cn\/understanding-entity-relationship-diagrams-erds-key-concepts-and-types\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7406\u89e3\u5b9e\u4f53-\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\uff08ERD\uff09\uff1a\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>\u5f15\u8a00<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/introduction-to-data-modeling-with-visual-paradigm-erd-diagramming-code-generation-and-reverse-engineering\/\">\u5b9e\u4f53-\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe<\/a>\uff08ERD\uff09\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002ERD\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u6c9f\u901a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u89e3\u91caERD\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684ERD\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>ERD\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u4f53<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9e\u4f53\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u533a\u5206\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5728ERD\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f53\u7528\u77e9\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b66\u751f\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u692d\u5706\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6216\u5217\u5728\u5b9e\u4f53\u77e9\u5f62\u5185\u90e8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u201d\u5b9e\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u201c\u540d\u79f0\u201d\u548c\u201c\u63cf\u8ff0\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5b66\u751f\u201d\u5b9e\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u201c\u540d\u79f0\u201d\u548c\u201c\u51fa\u751f\u65e5\u671f\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7ebf\u6761\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5b66\u751f\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\u660e\u5b66\u751f\u4e0e\u5b66\u6821\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u952e<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3b\u952e\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6807\u51fa\u6216\u52a0\u4e0a\u94a5\u5319\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728\u903b\u8f91ERD\u4e2d\uff0c\u201cID\u201d\u662f\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b66\u751f\u201d\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5916\u952e<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u5916\u952e\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728\u903b\u8f91ERD\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5b66\u751f\u201d\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u201cSchoolID\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u952e\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u201d\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u201cID\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684ERD<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Introduction to Data Modeling with Visual Paradigm: ERD Diagramming, Code  Generation, and Reverse Engineering - Visual Paradigm Guides\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/from-conceptual-to-logical-to-physical-erd.png\"\/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u6982\u5ff5ERD<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>: \u6982\u5ff5ERD\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u6982\u89c8\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4e3b\u8981\u5b9e\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u76ee\u7684<\/strong>: \u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>: \u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5ERD\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b66\u751f\u201d\u5b9e\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong>: \u5728\u521d\u6b65\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u6536\u96c6\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u6982\u5ff5ERD\uff0c\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u903b\u8f91ERD<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>: \u903b\u8f91ERD\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u952e\u548c\u5916\u952e\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u76ee\u7684<\/strong>: \u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>: \u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u903b\u8f91ERD\u5c06\u201cID\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b66\u751f\u201d\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u201cSchoolID\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5b66\u751f\u201d\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong>: \u5728\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91ERD\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7269\u7406ERD<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>: \u7269\u7406ERD\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBMS\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8868\u3001\u5217\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u76ee\u7684<\/strong>: \u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>: \u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u7406ERD\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b66\u751f\u201d\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5217\u540d\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong>: \u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u7406ERD\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u5b9a\u7684DBMS\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u4e09\u79cdERD\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u6982\u5ff5ERD\uff1a\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u6982\u89c8\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4e3b\u8981\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u903b\u8f91ERD\uff1a\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u952e\u548c\u5916\u952e\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7269\u7406ERD\uff1a\u6700\u8be6\u7ec6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8868\u3001\u5217\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u76ee\u7684<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u6982\u5ff5ERD\uff1a\u6355\u6349\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u903b\u8f91ERD\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7269\u7406ERD\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7528\u9014<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u6982\u5ff5ERD\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u6536\u96c6\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u903b\u8f91ERD\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7269\u7406ERD\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65bd\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u4f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/visual-modeling\/conceptual-vs-logical-vs-physical-data-model\">\u6bcf\u79cdERD<\/a><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u6982\u5ff5ERD<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u6536\u96c6\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u903b\u8f91ERD<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u5408\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7269\u7406ERD<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u9009\u5b9a\u7684DBMS\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u5408\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h4>\n<p><a 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